Late Preclassic (300 BC-AD 100) turkey remains identified at the archaeological site of El Mirador (Petén, Guatemala) represent the earliest evidence of the Mexican turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in the ancient Maya world. Archaeological, zooarchaeological, and ancient DNA evidence combine to confirm the identification and context. The natural pre-Hispanic range of the Mexican turkey does not ext...

The study of various countries rail transportation indicators is an appropriate criterion for evaluating the existing performance of Iranian railways. The experiences of other countries can be used to improve the efficiency of Iran’s rail transportation. At the beginning of the study, in order to compare the Iranian railway performance with railways of other countries, various efficiency indica...

The main purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the state of the art of inspection, assessment and maintenance of masonry arch railway bridges by the presentation of the results of an ongoing international research project run by the International Union of Railways (UIC) with the participation of 14 railway administrations. The survey has shown that the European railways partaking in t...

In choosing the computerised reservation system Sabre, French Railways was hoping to benefit from the same strategic advantage this technology brought to American Airlines during the deregulation of US air transport in the 80s. However, the adoption of a new transport distribution model based on the deregulated US air industry proved to be controversial, leading to implementation problems. The ...

Cederlund H. 2006. The microbiology of railway tracks – towards a rational use of herbicides on Swedish railways. Doctoral thesis. Swedish railways are regularly treated with herbicides in order to keep the track beds free from weeds. However, finding appropriate preparations and dosages that provide a good weed control but that are still environmentally acceptable, has proven to be difficult. ...

With the rapid development of railways, especially high-speed there is an increasingly urgent demand for new wireless communication system railways. Taking mature 5G technology as opportunity, 5G-railways (5G-R) have been widely regarded a solution to meet diversified demands railway communications. For design, deployment and improvement 5G-R networks, radio scenario classification plays import...

Optimization of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) in railroad maintenance, is one of the main goals of the railways managers. In order to achieve the best balance between safety and operating costs, “on condition” maintenance is more and more used; that is, a maintenance intervention is planned only when and where necessary. Nowadays, the conditions of railways are monitored by means of special diagnostic ...

SCADA, a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data, is an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA systems are employed all over the world to monitor and control a plant or any equipment in various industries major ones being telecommunications, water, old and gas, energy and transportation. SCADA Systems are employed by Indian Railways to monitor and control...