A routing protocol is a core issue in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) especially on undetermined situation and crucial condition to guarantee the transmission of data. Therefore, any implementation of routing protocol in a tunnel environment will suit with their application to minimize dropped data in its communication. This paper presents a biological routing protocol named as Biological Tunnel ...

geophysical techniques remain the only ways to remotely and non-destructively sense the earth’s near subsurface and as such have the most promising prospect for rapid and accurate detection of underground tunnels. today, electrical resistivity and seismic refraction geophysical methods have been greatly developed to identify structures and underground cavities. in this study, the ability of the...

A primary air velocity meter calibration standard comprising of a precisely controlled wind tunnel system and a Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) system was developed for the calibration of air velocity meters from 0.2 m/s to 60 m/s with measurement uncertainties of less than 0.18% to 0.63%. The LDA system is used to verify the wind speed in the test section of the wind tunnel, and provide traceab...

PURPOSE To compare the tunnel enlargement of double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with and without suturing of autologous ruptured tissue to hamstring graft in patients with subacute anterior cruciate ligament injury. METHODS Ten patients with subacute (≤3 months after injury) anterior cruciate ligament rupture were randomly allocated to undergo DB ACLR with sut...

We investigated how repetitive hand activity normally affects carpal tunnel pressure and whether a flexible wrist splint can influence this effect. Nineteen healthy subjects were evaluated under four test conditions: at rest with and without a wrist splint (baseline) and while performing a repetitive task with and without a wrist splint. The task involved loading and unloading 1 lb. cans from a...

In this study a new passive, large particle impactor (PLPI) (PM<10) was developed and evaluated in a wind tunnel. The PLPI is designed to be isoaxial and isokinetic to enable large particles sampling without bias. The PLPI can provide representative sampling without requiring a mass flowmeter controller or pump. The PLPI is especially useful for aerosol wind tunnel studies to evaluate particle ...

The experimental investigation on a 60 apex-angle is carried out to study feasibility of simultaneous measurement of drag and aerodynamic heating in a shock tunnel. A three-component accelerometer balance system is used to measure the drag whereas platinum thin film gauges are used for heating rate measurements on the surface of the blunt cone model. Since every ground test and flight test data...