With most posterior cruciate (PCL) reconstruction techniques, the distal end of the graft is fixed within a tibial bone tunnel. Although a surgical goal is to locate this tunnel at the center of the PCL's tibial footprint, errors in medial-lateral tunnel placement of the tibial drill guide are possible because the position of the tip of the guide relative to the PCL's tibial footprint can be di...

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has inherent technical challenges not encountered during primary reconstruction. Prior tunnel placement and tunnel lysis can significantly alter graft fixation, compromising patient outcome. Preoperative recognition of patients with existing tunnel overlap and severe tunnel lysis will allow appropriate surgical planning and patient counseling, ...

The aerodynamics of airfoils can be seen in a wide range applications. To obtain the aerodynamic loads, geometrically-scaled airfoil sections are tested wind tunnels. However, due to limited space tunnel, mismatch Reynolds numbers may lead different loads. Previous works showed that decreased lifts and increased drag coefficients associated with lower numbers, which accompanied by changes ambie...

In the process of the highway tunnel construction, the stability and the reliability of tunnel rock is an important guarantee to ensure safety construction. Tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring is an important method for obtaining information on surrounding rock and controlling tunnel stability in the period of construction. Forecasting deformation of surrounding rock is the key to es...

In [6], Goda, Scharlemann, and Thompson described a general construction of all tunnels of tunnel number 1 knots using “tunnel moves”. The theory of tunnels introduced in [3] provides a combinatorial approach to understanding tunnel moves. We use it to calculate the number of distinct minimal sequences of such moves that can produce a given tunnel. As a consequence, we see that for a sparse inf...

high speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. the air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. to arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...

De novo mutations Carriers of a germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene, i.e. persons with Lynch syndrome, have substantially high risks of colorectal, endometrial, and several other cancers. The proportion of carriers who have de novo mutations (not inherited from either parent) is not known. Of 261 probands (202 clinicbased, 59 population-based) with MMR gene mutations for whom ...

In most organisms, the mismatch repair (MMR) system plays an important role in substantially lowering mutation rates and blocking recombination between nonidentical sequences. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the products of three genes homologous to Escherichia coli mutS-MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6-function in MMR by recognizing mispaired bases. To determine the effect of MMR on single-base pair mismatch...

PURPOSE Extensive tunnel expansion in hamstring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can complicate revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine our hypothesis that compaction of a bone dowel into the tibial tunnel reduces the cross-sectional area of the tunnel on the day of surgery and limits tunnel expansion to that of the cross-sectional area of the reamer at 4 month...

The International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT) is committed to the sharing of MMR variant information through the publicly accessible InSiGHT database. This amalgamation of various types of data related to MMR variants and Lynch Syndrome encompasses family history, tumour pathology, genotype, RNA, in silico and in vitro information sourced from published literature ...