STUDY OBJECTIVES The program provides a unique opportunity to compare a large number of scorers with varied levels of experience to determine sleep stage scoring agreement. The objective is to examine areas of disagreement to inform future revisions of the AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. METHODS The sample included 9 record fragments, 1,800 epochs and more than 3,2...

The goal of this study is to contribute to discussions about age-related changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) complexity. Eight characteristics of complexity were evaluated for sleep EEG of 175 healthy subjects. The complexity of the sleep EEG significantly increased up to the age of about 60 years. Over 60 years, the complexity stagnated or slightly decreased. The same tendencies were manifes...

BACKGROUND Surgical margin is important to evaluate the adequacy of surgery related to tongue cancer. Despite the distances of margins, tumor components comprising the involved margins should also be investigated. Our aim was to explore the influences of tumor satellites on the clinical outcomes of involved margins. METHODS Two hundred twenty-five patients with fresh tongue cancer were invest...

A localization out of the blood stream of the agent causing a chicken tumor, with the subsequent development of the growth can be brought about in the breast muscle, by inducing in this tissue a reaction by such substances as Scharlach R, tar, embryonic tissue and kieselguhr. Localization in the reaction tissue elicited by kieselguhr takes place relatively infrequently. The earlier stages of th...

Elements of the immune system act as intimate regulators of cancer progression, inhibiting early stages of tumor growth, through immunosurveillance while facilitating later stages of tumor progression. Recent findings have revealed that activated CD8 T cells can stimulate mammary epithelial tumor cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to acquire the greatly increased tumor...

Introduction: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of systemic inflammation and has been proven to be associated with an increased risk of extravesical disease, decreased cancer specific survival and overall survival in bladder cancer patients. A large proportion of healthy African Americans have a WBC count that is persistently lower than the normal range defined for individuals o...

A whole body indirect calorimeter provides accurate measurement of energy expenditure over long periods of time, but it has limitations to assess its dynamic changes. The present study aimed to improve algorithms to compute O(2) consumption and CO(2) production by adopting a stochastic deconvolution method, which controls the relative weight of fidelity to the data and smoothness of the estimat...

The sleeping neocortex shows nested oscillatory activity in different frequency ranges, characterized by fluctuations between "up-states" and "down-states." High-density neuronal ensemble recordings in rats now reveal the interaction between synchronized activity in the hippocampus and neocortex: Electroencephalographic sharp waves in the hippocampus were more probable during down-states than d...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the efficacy of ramelteon, an MT/1MT2-receptor agonist, for the treatment of transient insomnia in healthy adults. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design using a model of transient insomnia related to sleeping in a novel environment. SETTING Fourteen sleep research centers. PARTICIPANTS Healthy adults (N=375; 228 women), aged 35 to 60 years, who had ...

This communication is an attempt to clarify and extend the concepts dealing with certain extrinsic or intrinsic factors that augment or retard .darcinogenesis. Before discussing carcinogenesis it may be helpful to differentiate again between carcinogenesis and the subsequent growth of a tumor. 1 Carcinogenesis implies the initiation of a neoplasm by a tumor-producing agent acting on normal tiss...