In the adrenal gland, there is a mutual interaction between cells in cortex and medulla of immune system. Sex hormones regulate cell functions as well reproductive metabolic processes throughout life. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine that regulates maturation differentiation many types. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) multifunctional plays an important role various physiological pathophysi...

Context: The relationship between polymorphisms in the location of cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and lung cancer has been investigated many studies. Accordingly, present meta-analysis study focused on TNF-α-238 gene cancer. Methods: Articles were collected from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed electronic databases until 2022. articles searched based keywords “Lung cancer,” “238 Gene”, “t...

This study was conducted to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes (human leukocyte antigen (HLA), T cell receptor beta (TCA receptor β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), tumor necrosis factor β (TNF β), apolipoprotein E (APOE), interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7RA) interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain (IL2RA) myelin basic protein (MBP) and vitamin D receptor ...

BACKGROUND Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase-independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. While tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been identified as an activator of programmed necrosis, the specific context under which this can happen is unclear. Recently we reported that TNF-α can be expressed by human tumor cells as both a membrane tethered (mTNF-α) and...

Background: The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine that produced principally by monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes, respectively. TNFα is recognized as the primary mediator of immunity in inflammation reaction.  One important application of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) is for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<br /...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and insulin factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in oocytes cultured vitro with optimum elevated doses amphiregulin (50 ng 150 ng), neuregulin-1 (25 ng) tumor necrosis factor-α during maturation based on results effects AREG or NRG-1 TNF-α concentration which caused significant effect, ...

recent studies have established that sex hormones directly or indirectly affect t and b cells and macrophages by manipulating the production of cytokines. in this study the possibility of the effect of 5a-dht on macrophage (mφ) nitric oxide (no) release via interleukin-l, 6 (ll-1β, il-6) or tumor necrosis factor-a (tnfα) was investigated. the endogenous cytokines il-1β, il-6 and tnf-α were neut...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric disease. The dysregulated cytokines in depression are assumed due to the hyperactivation of immune system. Here we aimed evaluate serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) MDD. This study recruited 87 MDD patients age sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). increased levels IL-1β TNF-α were observed among patients....