backgrounds: evidence is accumulating to support disruption of tissue architecture as a powerful event in tumor formation. for the past four decades, intensive cancer research with the premise of “cancer as a cell based-disease” focused on finding oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. however, the role of the tissue architecture was neglected. three dimensional (3d) cell cultures which can recap...

The interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. Although a growing body of evidence has established the importance of the tumor microenvironment, an understanding of the crosstalk between its components and cancer cells remains elusive. The pathways triggered by microenvironmental factors could modulate cancer-related gene ...

Although it is well recognized that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in regulating tumor progression, the mechanisms through which this occurs need to be defined. Current international research activities toward defining the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression were the subject of the first Tianjin Forum on Tumor Microenvironment held at Nankai University in Tianj...

Adoptive cell therapy based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells has proven to be life-saving for many cancer patients. However, its therapeutic efficacy so far been restricted only a few malignancies, with solid tumors proving especially recalcitrant efficient therapy. Poor intra-tumor infiltration by and “T dysfunction” due an immunosuppressive microenvironment are key barr...

Angiogenesis is required in cancer, including gynecological cancers, for the growth of primary tumors and secondary metastases. Development anti-angiogenesis therapy cancers improvement its efficacy have been a major focus fundamental clinical research. However, survival benefits current anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, patients with are modest. Therefore, better understanding angio...

According to the WHO’s recently released worldwide cancer data for 2020, liver ranks sixth in morbidity and third mortality among all malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), most common kind of cancer, accounts approximately 80% primary malignancies is one leading causes death globally. The intractable tumor microenvironment plays an important role development progression HCC three major ...

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is found in the majority of human tumors and has been described as an important contributor to the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that blocks the action of cytotoxic antitumor effector T cells. In order to delineate the mechanisms of IDO-induced immunosuppression in melanoma, we initially focused on murine transplantable and spontane...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex environment composed of variety stromal cells and immune that infiltrate the space. Recent clinical work has shown intratumoral cell infiltration.