This work deals with the Integrated Vehicle and Crew Scheduling Problem (VCSP) in urban mass transit. The Vehicle Scheduling Problem (VSP) consists in creating a daily routine of operation for a fleet of vehicles of a company so that all timetabled trips are covered and the operational costs of such activity reduced, making the best use of the fleet. In the Crew Scheduling Problem (CSP) each cr...

The article is devoted to the study of participation Western European merchants in concession export trade Russia reign Peter I. Concession as a way solving financial problems was often used and customs policy 17th–18th centuries. Having ascended throne, I continued actively use form foreign country. Stateowned goods were transferred concession: caviar, rhubarb, flax, bristles, sheep wool, timb...

The subject of the article is image plague (specifically — cholera) that struck Russia in 1830, which was presented two poems by a graphomaniac poet Dmitry Khvostov (1757–1835). aim research to discuss detail poetic epidemic Cholera 1830 and July Petropolis. portayal cholera Russia’s largest metropolises focuses not only on plague’s daunting form effect, but also strategies combating it. uses d...

The article analyzes the peculiarities of Russia’s ideology during reign Peter I. author raises question Peter's revolutionary nature and examines relationship between “old” “new” in field ideological prerequisites for turn Russia towards Europe. There is also considered role Tsar I selection, interpretation propaganda borrowings from Western European socio-political thought. Particular attenti...

The article deals with the characteristics of song versions devoted to capture count Zakhar Chernyshev in repertoire old-timers living northeastern Yakutia. data include texts songs recorded on Indigirka and Kolyma. relevance study is due following: nowadays local folklore are being studied define degree traditionalism plot. implemented methods such as a descriptive method, comparative method s...

When studying the history of Russian education, one becomes convinced validity dialectical principles spiral development. The period cyclicality in attestation scientific personnel is approximately equal to a century. In first quarter every century, starting from time tsar Peter Great, events took place that brought system fundamentally new level. But at same time, fundamental foundations laid ...