Proper scoring rules elicit truth-telling when making predictions, or otherwise revealing information. However, when multiple predictions are made of the same event, telling the truth is in general no longer optimal, as agents are motivated to distort early predictions to mislead competitors. We demonstrate this, and then prove a significant exception: In a multi-agent prediction setting where ...

The cognitive view on deception holds that lying typically requires additional mental effort as compared to truth telling. Psychopathy, however, has been associated with swift and even compulsive lying, leading us to explore the ease and compulsive nature of lying in psychopathic offenders. We explored the costs of instructed lying versus truth telling through RTs and error rates in 52 violent ...

Solution: Let us define the atomic propositions, Julia, Sarah, and Fred to indicate that Julie is telling the truth, Sarah is telling the truth, and Fred is telling the truth, respectively. First notice that if A lies then the opposite of A’s statement is true, i.e., if A claims that B and C tell the truth but A lies, then we have “(not A) implies (not(B and C))”, which is equivalent to “(not A...

In initially developing a model of case-based comparative evaluation, we have followed a plan that involved an early empirical evaluation by a noted domain expert. We describe the empirical evaluation and the lessons learned after we introduce the program and its knowledge sources and work through an extended example. TRUTH-TELLER, a program for testing a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) knowledge re...

BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential cure for a range of life-threatening diseases, but is also associated with a high mortality rate. Nurses encounter a variety of situations wherein they are faced with discussing bad news with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and strategies ...