A hernia is defined as an area of weakness or complete disruption of the fibromuscular tissues of the body wall. Hernias are among the oldest known afflictions of humankind. The word “hernia” is derived from a Latin term meaning “a rupture”. The earliest reports of abdominal wall hernias date back to 1500 BC. During this early era, abdominal wall hernias were treated with trusses or bandage dre...

Abstract In Scandinavia and Finland, nearly all constructions, including monumental sacral architecture, used only timber until the 11th century. remained dominant construction material 19th Due to many fires, wars, other catastrophic events, number of still-standing wooden buildings constructions erected before industrialization is very limited. Medieval can be found in archaeological excavati...