In neuronal cultures, glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK3) is truncated at the N-terminal end by calpain downstream of activated glutamate receptors. However, the in vivo biological significance of that truncation has not been explored. In an attempt to elucidate if GSK3 truncation has a pathophysiological relevance, we have used intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (KA) in rats and intra-amyg...

The acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in a finite subset of k-space produces ring-artifacts and 'side lobes' that distort the image. In this article, we explore the consequences of this problem for functional imaging studies, which can be considerable, and propose a solution. The truncation of k-space is mathematically equivalent to convolving the underlying "true...

Calpains have been previously shown to regulate AMPA receptor properties by producing partial truncation of the C-terminal domains of several receptor subunits. We now report that NMDA receptor subunits, in particular NR2 subunits, are also subjected to calpain-mediated truncation. Treatment of synaptic membranes with calpain I resulted in truncation of both NR1 and NR2 subunits, with the appea...

1. Introduction. One of the objections to the use of a one-step method to integrate a system of ordinary differential equations is that an estimate of the accumulated truncation error is difficult to make. If an attempt is made at appraising the truncation error, it is usually confined to an approximate evaluation of the local truncation error. A scheme for estimating the local truncation error...

Importance sampling is a fundamental Monte Carlo technique. It involves generating a sample from a proposal distribution in order to estimate some property of a target distribution. Importance sampling can be highly sensitive to the choice of proposal distribution, and fails if the proposal distribution does not sufficiently well approximate the target. Procedures which involve truncation of la...

Two-strategy evolutionary games on graphs have been extensively studied in the literature. A variety of graph structures, degrees of graph dynamics, and behaviours of replicators have been explored. These models have primarily been studied in the framework of facilitation of cooperation, and much excellent work has shed light on this field of study. However, there has been little attention to t...

The oxygen-limiting (hypoxic) microenvironment of tumors induces metabolic reprogramming and cell survival, but the underlying mechanisms involving mitochondria remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 mediates the hyperfusion of mitochondria by inducing Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 and posttranslational truncation of the mitochon...