The number of global precipitation datasets (PPs) is on the rise and they are commonly used for hydrological applications. A comprehensive evaluation their performance in modeling required to improve performance. This study comprehensively evaluates eight widely PPs by comparing with gauge-observed a large catchments. These include Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), Climate Hazards...

Precipitation maxima during the West African summer monsoon propagate generally westward in tandem with African easterly waves. A heretofore unreported, repeating pattern of northward drift of precipitation maxima is detected on Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM satellite) time-latitude distributions of daily accumulations over the eastern tropical Atlantic. Corresponding 3-hourly TRM...

The current study evaluates the potential of merged satellite precipitation datasets (MSPDs) against rain gauges (RGs) and (SPDs) in monitoring meteorological drought over Pakistan during 2000–2015. MSPDs evaluated include Regional Weighted Average Least Square (RWALS), (WALS), Dynamic Clustered Bayesian model Averaging (DCBA), Model (DBMA) algorithms, while set SPDs is Global Precipitation Mea...

Accurate precipitation data at a high spatial resolution are essential for hydrological, meteorological, and ecological research at regional scales. This study presented a geostatistical downscaling-calibration procedure to derive the high spatial resolution maps of precipitation over a mountainous watershed affected by a monsoon climate. Based on the relationships between precipitation and oth...

The version 6 TRMM rainfall products showed significant improvements on satellite rain retrievals as compared to rain gauge observations. The differences between TRMM TMI rain products and gauge observations are less than 10% over Florida, Texas, Kwajalein, and Darwin ground validation sites for the 8-year period from January 1998 to December 2005. The rain differences between Version 6 TMI and...

Fluid administration in critically ill patients is an important everyday therapeutic measure to improve organ perfusion. However, during the past decade, excessive fluid administration has been related to increased morbidity and mortality. This has led to the hypotheses that fluid administration without increasing cardiac output is inappropriate and is of no benefit to the patient. Over the pas...

Subjects live with objects1: they observe objects, create objects, and use objects. The τ-theory (the Greek letter “τ” is pronounced as “TAO”, which stands for “Teleology Affordances Ontology”) is a theory about subjects (with purposes) and objects (with properties), and the possible relationships between them. It is rooted in the philosophical branches of teleology, including praxeology (the e...

Tobias Smollett’s final novel, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, published in 1771, is commonly viewed as Smollett’s masterpiece, a mature work which marks a transition from the picaresque adventure narrative to the masterly handling of epistolary form. Part of Smollett’s achievement in Humphry Clinker is in re-fashioning the epistolary travel journal to the purposes of literary fiction while ...

William H. Harris, M.D. Alan Gerry Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Director of Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit Street, GRJ 1126 Boston, MA 02114 (617) 724-0526 (voice) (617) 726-3883 (fax) [email protected] INTRODUCTION A widely held concept suggests that there is an acceptable threshold, or lower limit, of particle ...

Dr. M. Timothy Hresko Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Children’s Hospital 300 Longwood Avenue, Hunnewell 2 Boston, MA 02115 617-355-6617 [email protected] INTRODUCTION Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) spinal surgery has become a popular approach to the anterior thoracic spine. VAT spinal surgery has benefits over the traditional open thoracotomy approach in that the scar is les...