The feasibility of global polio eradication is being questioned as a result of continued transmission in a few localities that act as sources for outbreaks elsewhere. Perhaps the greatest challenge is in India, where transmission has persisted in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar despite high coverage with multiple doses of vaccine. We estimate key parameters governing the seasonal epidemics in these are...

To the Editor—We have read with interest the article by Hung et al [1] on the effects of dual vaccination with a 23valent pneumococcal vaccine and a trivalent influenza vaccine. The authors observed a difference in the occurrence of pneumonia and cardiovacular incidents between the patients who received both vaccines, the patients who received 1 of the 2 vaccines, and the patients who were not ...

The effectiveness of the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine during the 2014 season in South Africa was assessed using a test-negative case-control study design including 472 cases and 362 controls. Influenza A(H3N2) was the dominant strain circulating. The overall vaccine effectiveness estimate, adjusted for age and underlying conditions, was 43·1% (95% CI: -26·8-74·5). 2014 H3N2 viruses from...

BACKGROUND Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination rates among adults 65 years and older or less than 65 years with high risk medical conditions are still below Healthy People 2010 recommended levels of 90%. This study was designed to: 1) assess self-reported pneumococcal vaccination rates following health center level interventions to increase adult vaccination rates; and 2) determine factors ...

Introduction Renewed interest in the safety of administering egg-containing immunizations to egg allergic children and adults (EA) was prominent during the recent global pandemic of the H1N1 Influenza A virus in 2009-2010. The H1N1 Influenza A vaccine (H1N1), like the seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) is grown on embryonated chicken eggs, leading to concerns that residual contamination...

A collection of Practice Guidelines published in AFP is available at http:// www.aafp.org/afp/ practguide. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has released its yearly recommendations for routine influenza vaccination in the 2015-2016 season. Updates this year include the antigenic composition of seasonal influenza vaccines availab...

Alternative substrates for influenza vaccine production are needed to ensure adequate supplies. We evaluated the relative safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) or trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) among 869 > or =65-year-old subjects in a randomized clinical trial. Virologic surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) was conducted during the 2006-2007 epidemic. Vacci...

The innate immune pathways induced by adjuvants required to increase adaptive responses to influenza subunit vaccines are not well characterized. We profiled different TLR-independent (MF59 and alum) and TLR-dependent (CpG, resiquimod, and Pam3CSK4) adjuvants for the ability to increase the immunogenicity to a trivalent influenza seasonal subunit vaccine and to tetanus toxoid (TT) in mouse. Alt...

Influenza is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children receiving therapy for cancer, yet recommendation for, and uptake of the seasonal vaccine remains poor. One hundred children undergoing treatment for cancer were vaccinated with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine according to national guidelines in 2010 and 2011. Influenza-specific hemagglutinin inhibition anti...

The poor immune response elicited by trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) in children can be enhanced by the addition of adjuvants. This observer-blind, randomized Phase III trial assessed the immunogenicity and safety of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine FLUAD® (aTIV) and a non-adjuvanted TIV, in healthy children (aged 6 to <72 months) from 3 centers in Mexico, during the 2014-201...