Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were used as a model fish species to study the effects of trivalent chromium exposure. To ascertain chromium's effects, we examined altered gene expression by differential display between fish exposed in the laboratory and fish collected from a chromium-impacted estuarine site. Twenty differentially expressed genes were found from either laboratory-exposed fis...

Chromium reduction by Escherichia coli ATCC 33456 quantitatively transferred hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), to trivalent chromium, Cr(III). The reduced chromium was predominantly present in the external medium. Supernatant fluids of cell extract, obtained by centrifugation at 12,000 and 150,000 x g, showed almost the same Cr(VI) reduction activity, indicating that Cr(VI) reduction by E. coli ATCC...

Hexavalent chromium compounds exhibit higher toxicity than its trivalent compounds since chromium ions in the +6 oxidation state easily cross biological membranes. It has recently been proposed that substances reducing chromium ions from the +6 to the less toxic +3 oxidation state can be beneficial in management of acute chromium poisoning. In vitro studies also demonstrated quercetin-5 '-sulfo...

A chromium (Cr) coating was fabricated on 45 steel by electrodeposition with a trivalent–chromium (Cr3+) electrolyte. The morphologies and element distributions of the obtained were analyzed using scanning electronic microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, atomic force x-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy. effects normal load sliding speed tribological performance Cr friction teste...

Abstract The at meant of waste water from hexavalent chromium ions with calcium per oxide CaO 2 was investigated. This product is obtained soda ash production waste. Clarified part still suspension (distillation suspension) contains chloride and sodium chloride. process producing peroxide based on the interaction solutions hydroxide. A two-step (reagent) method purification proposed. first stag...

The nutritional biochemistry of trivalent Cr has been a poorly understood field of study; investigations of the biochemistry of the other essential transition metals have not proven as problematic. Despite over four decades of endeavour, only recently has a picture of the role of Cr potentially started to be defined. The biologically-relevant form is the trivalent ion. Cr3+ appears to be requir...

Chromium pollution is potentially detrimental to bacterial soil communities, compromising carbon and nitrogen cycles that are essential for life on earth. It has been proposed that intracellular reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] may cause bacterial death by a mechanism that involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage; the molecular basis of ...

Abstract Since the 2017 REACH restrictions on hexavalent chromium, aeronautics industries have been seeking substitute processes for chromium plating. So far, use of trivalent chromium-based precursors seems to be best solution in terms process adaptation. The development such requires a better understanding plating bath chemistry. More specifically, there is need characterize complexation mech...