MANY common disorders, including schizophrenia ers are affected, however, and the probable mode of disease inheritance is dominant with reduced peneand bipolar affective disorder, are highly heritatrance. That is to say inheritance of the translocation ble, yet do not exhibit simple inheritance patterns. Indiconfers a genetic predisposition to develop psychiatric vidual risk is usually attribut...

The aromatization of androgens to estrogens by placental aromatase involves three hydroxylations which take place in sequence. The first two occur at the C-19-methyl group while the site of the final and rate-determining hydroxylation has been identified as being at 2ß.The product of this reaction collapses to estrogen by a rapid nonenzymatic mechanism. The absence of a direct relationship bet...

An organelle is a membrane-bounded intracellular strucNew Evidence for an Old Model ture with a unique molecular composition and function. The Golgi is typically represented as a series of stable Where do organelles come from? Most biologists would compartments, with transport vesicles serving to carry state that each organelle forms by the growth and divithe secretory cargo forward from one co...

tors. In contrast, prazosin, which blocks a1 noradrenerTwo recent papers have linked narcolepsy to dysfuncgic receptors, greatly exacerbates cataplexy in both tion of the newly discovered hypocretin (Hcrt) (orexin) dogs and humans. Cholinergic agonists and the cholinpeptide system. The paper by Lin et al. (1999 [previous esterase blocker physostigmine also exacerbate cataissue of Cell]) examine...

We assessed natural killer activity of lymphocytes present at the site of human tumors to determine the local effects of the tumor on immune function. Lymphocytes were extracted from human pulmonary tumors of varying histological types. In addi tion to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), peripheral blood lym phocytes from the same patients were prepared. Using a Michaelis-Menten kinetic model...

Loss of pesticide efficacy resulting from enhanced rates of microbial degradation has been observed with several pesticides including the insecticide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate). Soils in which this phenomenon occurs are often referred to as "problem soils." Several previous studies have documented the temporal aspects of the conversion of a nonproblem s...

these snoRNAs. Yet, as more snoRNAs were discovBiologists have known for decades that the nucleolus ered, not all exhibited the hallmarks of U3, U8, and U13: is the compartment of the eukaryotic cell most densely some possessed an unmodified terminal 59 monophospacked with RNA. But few would have guessed that, in phate instead of the TMG cap and some lacked the addition to the ribosomal RNAs (r...

The expression of 8 oncogenes and the structures of 19 oncogenes were analyzed in 15 adenocarcinomas (12 primary and 3 metastatici, 18 adenomatous polyps, and 18 normal colonie mucosae derived from 19 patients with familial polyposis coli. The expression of c-myc gene was most elevated in carcinoma, and moderately elevated in adenoma, com pared with corresponding normal colonie mucosa. In contr...

A minimal-parameters basis is used to obtain a transferable tight-binding parametrization of the Ni–C interactions applicable to binary Ni C clusters. The data base for fitting the parameters is obtained from ab initio results for small m n Ni C , nqm(4, clusters obtained using the density functional method and the single, double and triple coupled-clusters m n method. The parametrization is in...

In this paper we study the supervised learning in neural networks Unlike the com mon practice of back propagating error feedback by a separate feedback network that must have the same topology and synapse strengths as the feed forward network we propose a new adaptation algorithm by which the same supervised learning as accom plished by the back propagation algorithm can be achieved without usi...