In this paper, we propose a new Tree Switching Protocol (TSP) to reduce multicast routing states required for a forest of multicast trees. The protocol accomplishes this goal by selecting a base multicast tree and " switching '' other multicast trees to the base tree. This results in more overlapping among the multicast trees and a net reduction in multicast state. A further reduction in the st...

In this paper we compare the overall image quality of 7 state-of-the-art denoising schemes, based on human visual perception. A psycho-visual experiment was set up in which 37 subjects were asked to score and compare denoised images. A perceptual space is constructed from this experiment through multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques using the perceived dissimilarity and quality preference b...

In this paper we consider the vertex ranking problem of weighted trees. We show that this problem is strongly NP-hard. We also give a polynomial-time reduction from the problem of vertex ranking of weighted trees to the vertex ranking of (simple) chordal graphs, which proves that the latter problem is NP-hard. In this way we solve an open problem of Aspvall and Heggernes. We use this reduction ...

Choosing the species suitable for cultivation in intercropped systems is a critical limiting factor grain and forage production. This study aimed to evaluate growth, nodulation, production, physiology of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) guandu bean (Cajanus cajan) with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla) an integrated production system. Two experime...

Trees play an important role in the urban heat island effect and air quality due to their impact on transfer of radiation, momentum, heat, moisture pollution. However, effects trees are hard quantify complex interactions with surfaces turbulent atmosphere overhead. We present a complete tree model for large-eddy simulations (LES) that represents drag, transpiration, shading deposition at resolu...

In this paper we present the design, implementation, and performance analysis of Group-Aided Multicast (GAM), a scalable many-tomany reliable multicast transport protocol. GAM achieves high quality ACK trees while keeping the tree maintenance overhead reasonably low in the presence of dynamic group membership and route changes. It is supported by a group configuration mechanism organizing the m...

In test cost-sensitive decision systems, it is difficulty for us to find an optimal attribute set and construct a quality classifier with limited cost. The minimal test cost-sensitive attribute reduction is proposed to address the former problem. However, it is inevitable to remove some good even better attributes in the minimal test cost-sensitive attribute reduction. As a result, the classifi...