The USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program collects data on a wealth of variables related to trees in forests. Some of these trees produce nontimber forest products (NTFPs) (e.g., fruit, bark, and sap) that are harvested for culinary, decorative, building, and medicinal purposes. At least 11 tree species inventoried by FIA are valued for their bark. For example, slipper...

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Many species of fungi are closely allied with bark beetles, including many tree pathogens, but their species richness and patterns of distribution remain largely unknown. We established a protocol for metabarcoding of fungal communities directly from total genomic DNA extracted from individual beetles, showing that the ITS3/4 primer pair selectively amplifies the fungal ITS. Using three specime...

In each of seven fully controlled experiments, potted California, U.S. coast live oak trees were artificially inoculated with Phytophthora ramorum, the agent of a tree disease commonly referred to as sudden oak death. Phosphites were applied to trees using a range of application approaches either as preventive or therapeutic treatments. Soil drenches and bark application of phosphites were inef...

Chilopsis linearis 'Burgundy', "DESERT WILLOW" Calif. native, fast-growing small tree or large shrub w/ airy appearance; willow-like leaves & trumpet-shaped, burgundy-colored flowers over long spring/summer season; hummingbird favorite.. [30] (H*W*C*) Cupressus forbesii, "TECATE CYPRESS" Calif. native, drought tolerant, multi-trunked, evergreen tree to 25 ft. w/ cherry red bark & green-gray fol...

Chilopsis linearis 'Burgundy', "DESERT WILLOW" Calif. native, fast-growing small tree or large shrub w/ airy appearance; willow-like leaves & trumpet-shaped, burgundy-colored flowers over long spring/summer season; hummingbird favorite.. [30] (H*W*C*) Cupressus forbesii, "TECATE CYPRESS" Calif. native, drought tolerant, multi-trunked, evergreen tree to 25 ft. w/ cherry red bark & green-gray fol...

Whitebark pine is an important component of high elevation ecosystems in the western United States and Canada. Many wildlife species, including grizzly and black bears, squirrels, and birds, forage on the large, wingless seed. Whitebark pine relies heavily upon the Clark's nutcracker for seed dispersal and regeneration. Due to fire exclusion, white pine blister rust, and the mountain pine beetl...

Southern pine beetles can be reared free of phoretic mites from naturally infested bark if the bark is removed from the tree and air dried. Bark removal does not reduce the number of beetles that emerge. On the average fewer than 1 % of the beetles emerging from removed bark carried one or fewer mites, and 85% of the beetles emerging from attacked bark carried one or more mites. Seven species o...

The utilization of organic wastes to improve soils or for growth media components in local farms and nurseries can reduce the environmental pollution linked to waste disposal while increasing the sustainability of crop production. This approach could be applied to waste products generated from the production of guacamole (an emerging activity in the avocado production areas in mainland Spain), ...

Introduction: Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) c.B.rob., is an aromatic medicinal tree belongs to the family lauraceae and rarely distributed in the Western ghats. ethnomedicinally, the bark is used by the traditional practitioners as a demulcent, emollient and in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, and to facilitate wound healing process. the leaf paste is applied to relieve respiratory diseases;...