BACKGROUND Liver transplant is the only definitive treatment for many patients with end stage liver disease. Presence and severity of preoperative pulmonary disease directly affect the rate of postoperative complications of the liver transplantation. Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement, performed in many transplant centers, is considered as a traditional method to diagnose hypoxemia. Because A...

BACKGROUND Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are prone to recurrent pain crises related to red blood cell sickling and vaso-occlusion with subsequent tissue hypoxia. Alveolar hypoxia has been shown to be associated with entrapment of sickle cells in the pulmonary microcirculation which may propagate a cycle of further hypoxemia and sickling. Pulmonary complications are common in sickle cel...

Dyspnea and hypoxemia are among the most common symptoms and signs that need to be assessed in clinical practice. This case illustrates how simple steps in history taking and physical examination can be crucial for diagnosis. We present a patient with intermittent hypoxemia, initially attributed to a pulmonary infection. However, the hypoxemia persisted even after successful treatment of the in...

The effect of sustained moderate hypoxia on renal blood flow and renal function was studied in the ovine fetus (123-129 days). The experiments consisted of 48 h of isocapnic hypoxia, not resulting in acidemia, but sufficient to produce redistribution of blood flow in favor of the brain at the expense of the carcass. Hypoxemia was induced by maternal nitrogen inhalation. Fetal arterial O2 satura...

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is primarily a lung parenchymal disorder resulting from interstitial and alveolar inflammation triggered by the lipid metabolites in blood circulation. The 'low-dose' corticosteroid is supposed to have a prophylactic effect on the incidence of the FES and arterial hypoxemia by reducing this inflammatory response. It is expected that inhaled corticosteroids (ciclesoni...

To better understand what makes the kidney susceptible to tissue hypoxia, we compared, in the rabbit kidney and hindlimb, the ability of feedback mechanisms governing oxygen consumption (Vo(2)) and oxygen delivery (Do(2)) to attenuate tissue hypoxia during hypoxemia. In the kidney (cortex and medulla) and hindlimb (biceps femoris muscle), we determined responses of whole organ blood flow and Vo...

We tested the hypothesis that fetal cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia change close to full term in relation to the prepartum increase in fetal basal cortisol and investigated, in vivo, the neural and endocrine mechanisms underlying these changes. Fetal heart rate and peripheral hemodynamic responses to 1 h of hypoxemia were studied in 25 chronically instrumented sheep within three narrow ge...

Unusual cause of hypoxemia is presented in a 12 year old boy of Iraqi national. *Corresponding author: Sushil Upadhyay, Asistant Professor, Rama Medical College and Hospital, Pulmonary Medicine, H 104 Swarn Residency, 132 GT Road, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201005, India, Tel: 919899393006; Fax: 911222327311; E-mail: [email protected] Received June 11, 2015; Accepted July 1...

Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) at or near sea level is now recognized to occur in a significant number of fit, healthy subjects of both genders and of varying ages. Our review aims to define EIAH and to critically analyze what we currently understand, and do not understand, about its underlying mechanisms and its consequences to exercise performance. Based on the effects on maximal ...

We studied the effect of pulmonary afferent activity on the heart rate response to a progressive, isocapnic decrease in oxygen saturation (Sao2) in anesthetized rabbits. To abolish the effect of rapidly adapting receptors, we used inhaled bupivacaine aerosol, and to abolish the effect of slowly adapting stretch receptor activity, we used sulfur dioxide insufflation. The heart rate (HR) response...