Novel star-shaped hole transporting materials with a triazine unit have been synthesized. When the new Triazine-Th-OMeTPA was used as a hole transporting material in perovskite solar cells, the power conversion efficiency reached 12.51% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm(-2)) illumination, showing competitive photovoltaic performance with the widely used spiro-OMeTAD based solar cell (13.45%).

People intuitively understand that function and purpose are critical parts of what human-configured entities are about, but these notions have proved difficult to capture formally. Even though most geographical landscapes bear traces of human purposes, visibly expressed in the spatial configurations meant to serve these purposes, the capability of GIS to represent means-ends relationships and t...

The engineers can frequently encounter with the situation to select the optimum option among the alternatives related with tunneling operations. The optimum choice can be selected by the experienced engineers taking into consideration their judgment and intuition. However, decision-making methods can offer to the engineers to support their optimum selection for a particular application in a sci...

The analysis of the existing mathematical models options for operation sprinkling machines on pneumatic wheel supports shows unconditional promising their use to create optimal conditions photosynthetic and symbiotic soybean apparatus, as well increase yields. expediency design surveys has been proven when improving wheels ensure equality transporting capabilities minimize slipping driving is p...

rotary atomizers are commonly used in spray dryers to atomize feed. one destructive effect of wheel rotation is the creation of a vacuum inside the wheel that conducts hot air from the chamber into the wheel and can lead to atomizer blockage and an explosion. the present work determined the air-pumping characteristics of a rotary atomizer with a 50 mm wheel diameter. the vacuum pressure and pow...

Despite the existence of several antenna concepts for the SKA much of the instrument’s top-level design can be described in terms that are common to all concepts. This is not surprising of course since a great deal of the design process centres on transporting and processing common information volumes and rates derived from prescribed fields-of-view, observing bandwidths etc. In this short pape...

In the production of mineral raw materials in cupolas, as a by-product and harmful product, significant amount cast iron (up to 3 % material) is formed and, rule, thrown into dumps. The article presents technical solutions that ensure separation melt iron. addition, describes results optimizing design ladders used for draining liquid metal from wool cupola transporting it. resulting ingots can ...