background: dung beetles of coleoptera associated to undisturbed cattle droppings in pastures present great diver sity and abundance. dung beetles also play an important role for transmission of some helminthes to human and cat tle. this study was made to survey the biodiversity and abundance of these beetles in ardebil province, western iran. methods: according to the field study all beetles a...

Background: Fasciolosis is a crucial helminthes disease caused by two trematodes of the genus Fasciola: Fasciola hepatica (temperate liver fluke) and gigantica (tropical fluke). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on cattle sheep in slaughterhouse to detect animals infected with Fasciolosis. Liver samples were collected from transferred laboratory for histopathological immunohistoche...

background and aims: infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .the th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from tgf-b and il-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in the extracellular milieu.t helper 9 (th9) cells,a novel cd4 t cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. in this art...

skin test trials with standards s. mansoni antigen have been undertaken inn iran to determine the reliability of this method for the misdiagnosis of urinary bilharziasis and the factors which interfere with the results obtained, such as the presence of animal schistosomes and human infection with intestinal helminthiasis.five groups of people, namely, known infected caws of urinary bilharziasis...

ttv was first isolated from the serum of a japanese patient with post transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology in 1977. ttv has been visualized by electron microscopy and was found to be an unenveloped, small, spherical particle with a diameter of 30-32 nm, and is a member of family related to circovridae family. the exact role of ttv in the pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be establish...