Twenty two babies receiving artificial ventilator support were studied on 29 occasions to determine the effects of low levels of positive end expiratory pressure. Mean positive end expiratory pressure during these studies was 2.6 cm H2O. Changes in tidal volume, minute volume, compliance, and transcutaneous gas trends produced by the use of positive end expiratory pressure were investigated. Po...

The vagus nerve is the main of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. Beyond its vegetative functions, possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Initially developed in treatment refractory epilepsy, stimulation (VNS) currently being evaluated several musculoskeletal diseases. VNS can be invasive by placing an electrode around cervical connected to a generator implanted subcutaneo...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain modulation that is increasingly tested for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders (Murphy et al., 2009) and cognitive enhancement (Paulus, 2004; Talelli and Rothwell, 2006). Conventional tDCS protocols apply 1–2 mA of current, for several minutes, through conductive-rubber electrodes inserted in sponge wrappers...

Little is known about the relationship between the branching structure and function of physiologically identified cutaneous nociceptor terminals. The axonal arborization itself, however, has an impact on the afferent signal that is conveyed along the parent axon to the CNS. We therefore developed electrophysiological techniques to investigate the branching structure of cutaneous nociceptors. Si...

Close monitoring of the balance between oxygen demand and supply is of great importance during cardiac cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. This study was to compare conventional intermittent venous blood gas monitoring with continuous transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring in infant patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. According to paired data from 29 infant patients und...

Flexible electrodes play an increasing role for medical applications, such as ECG (electrocardiography) or TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) due to comfort in use and thus their suitability health monitoring under movement during sport. Polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), are promising the development of fabrication methods materials application cases, stable flexible thi...

Microbatteries with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers that are produced by common microfabrication techniques are poised to provide integration of power sources onto electronic devices, but they still suffer from poor cycle lifetime, as well as power and temperature range of operation issues that are alleviated with the use of supercapacitors. There have been a few reports on thin-f...

The chemical stability of graphene and other free-standing two-dimensional crystals means that they can be stacked in different combinations to produce a new class of functional materials, designed for specific device applications. Here we report resonant tunnelling of Dirac fermions through a boron nitride barrier, a few atomic layers thick, sandwiched between two graphene electrodes. The reso...

The ability to probe morphology and phase distribution in complex systems at multiple length scales unravels the interplay of nano- and micrometer-scale factors at the origin of macroscopic behavior. While different electron- and X-ray-based imaging techniques can be combined with spectroscopy at high resolutions, owing to experimental time limitations the resulting fields of view are too small...