All-trans retinoic acid induces leukemic cells from patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) to differentiate in vitro to mature granulocytes which express the CD15 antigen and are capable of respiratory burst function. Of 35 M3 samples, only one failed to respond. In eight cases, we compared the efficacy of two naturally occurring isomers of retinoic acid, all-trans RA and 13-cis RA. Bo...

Cooxidation activity of highly purified soybean lipoxygenase-2 and -3 was investigated with all-trans-retinoic acid as a co-substrate. Both the isoenzymes rapidly degraded retinoic acid in the presence of linoleic acid, but lipoxygenase-2 had more cooxidation activity than lipoxygenase-3. During cooxidation, 5, 6-epoxyretinoic acid was formed as a major product. HPLC on a chiral phase (Ceramosp...

A 50-year-old non-diabetic woman was admitted for hemorrhagic diathesis. Laboratory examination indicated that she was suffering from t(15;17)-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. She was started on all-trans retinoic acid plus idarubicin and cytarabine. However, due to the development of retinoic acid syndrome, all-trans retinoic acid wa...

Retinoids, a class of compounds that include retinol and its metabolite, retinoic acid, are absolutely essential for ovarian steroid production, oocyte maturation, and early embryogenesis. Previous studies have detected high concentrations of retinol in bovine large follicles. Further, administration of retinol in vivo and supplementation of retinoic acid during in vitro maturation results in e...

Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome is a fatal disorder characterized by accelerated aging, bone resorption and atherosclerosis, caused by a LMNA mutation which produces progerin, a mutant lamin A precursor. Progeria cells display progerin and prelamin A nuclear accumulation, altered histone methylation pattern, heterochromatin loss, increased DNA damage and cell cycle alterations. Since the L...

We sought to determine whether differentiation agents such as retinoids and butyrate regulate transcript levels of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) and cone rod homeobox (CRX), a homeodomain transcription factor that regulates IRBP promoter activity. WERI-Rb1 retinoblastoma cells were treated with all-trans retinol, all-trans retinoic acid, or butyrate. IRBP and CRX mRNA level...

Ca2(+)-ATPase activity in human red cell membranes is dependent on the presence of calmodulin. All trans-retinoic acid inhibited human red cell membrane Ca2(+)-ATPase activity in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner (10(-8) to 10(-4) M). In contrast, retinol, retinal, 13-cis-retinoic acid and the benzene ring analogue of retinoic acid did not alter enzyme activity. Purified calmodulin (up ...

All-trans-retinoic acid plays a central role in mucosal immunity, where it promotes its synthesis by up-regulating CD103 expression on dendritic cells, induces gut tropic (α4β7(+) and CCR9(+)) T cells, and inhibits Th1/Th17 differentiation. Recently, murine studies have highlighted the proinflammatory role of retinoic acid in maintaining inflammation under a variety of pathologic conditions. Ho...

The effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the development of the lateral line placodes of axolotls was studied. Late gastrula and early neurula were exposed to 10(-7) to 10(-5) M retinoic acid for one hour and then reared until they would normally be feeding larvae. As in other vertebrates, the extent of the developmental abnormalities is concentration dependent. Those embryos exposed to the hi...

Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemi.a (APML) is an uncommon type of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL)l. Treatment of APML is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Ten to twenty per cent of the patients die early of fatal haemorrhage resulting from coagulopathy and sepsis. An alternative approach to the treatment of APML has centered on the use of differentiating agents to induce re...