Aim Turdus thrushes are one of the most speciose and widespread songbird genera, comprising nearly 70 species that combined have a near-global distribution. Herein, we use molecular phylogenetic, molecular clock and behavioural evidence to examine the historical biogeography of the genus. Ancestral area reconstructions in conjunction with divergence estimates and palaeoclimatogical data are use...

Worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) are burrowing squamates that live as subterranean predators. Their underground existence should limit dispersal, yet they are widespread throughout the Americas, Europe and Africa. This pattern was traditionally explained by continental drift, but molecular clocks suggest a Cenozoic diversification, long after the break-up of Pangaea, implying dispersal. Here, we des...

Variation in gene expression is a fundamental aspect of human phenotypic variation. Several recent studies have analyzed gene expression levels in populations of different continental ancestry and reported population differences at a large number of genes. However, these differences could largely be due to non-genetic (e.g., environmental) effects. Here, we analyze gene expression levels in Afr...

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An investigation of the cognitive models underlying ethnic actors’ own ideas concerning the acquisition/transmission of an ethnic status is necessary in order to resolve the outstanding differences between “primordial” and “circumstantial” models of ethnicity.This article presents such data from a multiethnic area in Mongolia that found ethnic actors to be heavily primordialist, and uses these ...

This article explores a definition and use of diaspora in way that may engage African post-developmental aspirations. Firstly, the piece presents clarification further development early conceptualizations engaging descended scholars. Then, elaborates on not only what is but it does. Finally, paper utilization to assist mobilizing trans-continental linkages with members Global North increasingly...

Following their early domestication, broomcorn millet and rice (in East Asia) wheat barley South-west were subsequently adopted across Eurasia during the Bronze Age/early historic period. The precise timing dispersal routes for this trans-Eurasian exchange, however, remain unclear. Here, authors present archaeobotanical evidence from sites on Caspian Sea's southern coast, demonstrating that rea...

The US President’s annual State of the Union speech is a favorite place to unveil new initiatives. For the past several months there has been a buzz that President George W. Bush would say something dramatic about climate change. “Buzz” in Washington can mean political trial balloons, genuine leaks or simply wishful thinking. It took a while to sort out the truth in this case. The week before t...