Here, a simple, quick, Low cost and sensitive Potentiometric method is described for tramadol hydrochloride measurement using .PVC membrane electrode based on neutral ligand (E)-N'-(1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazid. Besides, effect of various parameters like ionic additives, membrane solvent and pH on the Potentiometric response of the electrode are investigated. The best electrode p...

BACKGROUND Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, whose mechanism of action involves opioid-receptor activation. Previously, we have shown that tramadol and its enantiomers had a negative inotropic effect on the papillary muscle in which the (+)-enantiomer is more potent than (-)- and (±)-tramadol. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of tramadol and its enantiomers on L-ty...

UNLABELLED The analgesic tramadol inhibits the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, facilitates 5-hydroxytryptamine release, and activates mu-opioid receptors. Each of these actions is likely to influence thermoregulatory control. We therefore tested the hypothesis that tramadol inhibits thermoregulatory control. Eight volunteers were evaluated on four study days, on whi...

Tramadol is an atypical centrally acting analgesic agent with relatively weak opioid receptor affinity in comparison with its antinociceptive efficacy. Evidence suggests that block of monoamine uptake may contribute to its analgesic actions. Therefore, we have examined the actions of (+/-)-tramadol, (+)-tramadol, (-)-tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1 metabolite) on electrically evoked 5-HT e...

BACKGROUNDS Remifentanil has been reported to cause post-anesthetic shivering (PAS). Higher doses of remifentanil reportedly induce more intense PAS. Tramadol, a synthetic opioid that acts at multiple sites, is considered to be an effective treatment for PAS, but the evidence for its therapeutic benefit after remifentanil anesthesia is limited. We investigated the effect of tramadol on the inci...

Tramadol is a widely used medication by physicians and is held to be a safe analgesic. It has been claimed to be helpful in the elderly and hepatic and renally compromised subjects. We would like to report a case of delirium in a middle-aged female with acute pain abdomen on tramadol while being treated in the surgical unit. The patient developed alteration in the level of consciousness and cog...

GOAL The goal of the research was to determine the efficacy of a fixed combination of tramadol and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the treatment of pain of patients with the advanced stage of cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted at the Center for Palliative Care, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from January 1(st) to December 31(st) 2013. A to...

BACKGROUND Pain management and safe use of analgesics is an important medical issue. Tramadol is an old analgesic with controversial properties. Evaluation of worldwide scientific output on tramadol has not been explored. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to give a bibliometric overview of global research productivity on tramadol. METHODS SciVerse Scopus was used to retrieve and...

Tramadol is a widely used, centrally acting analgesic, but its mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Muscarinic receptors are known to be involved in neuronal function in the brain and autonomic nervous system, and much attention has been paid to these receptors as targets of analgesic drugs in the central nervous system. This study investigated the effects of tramadol on muscarin...