The mechanical properties of the human arm are regulated to maintain stability across many tasks. The static mechanics of the arm can be characterized by estimates of endpoint stiffness, considered especially relevant for the maintenance of posture. At a fixed posture, endpoint stiffness can be regulated by changes in muscle activation, but which activation-dependent muscle properties contribut...

Current studies investigating the role of biophysical cues on cell migration focus on the use of culture platforms with static material parameters. However, migrating cells in vivo often encounter spatial variations in extracellular matrix stiffness. To better understand the effects of stiffness gradients on cell migration, we developed a 2.5D cell culture platform where cells are sandwiched be...

the main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. therefore, railway track desig...

UNLABELLED Brain stiffness plays an important role in neuronal development and disease, but reported stiffness values vary significantly for different species, for different brains, and even for different regions within the same brain. Despite extensive research throughout the past decade, the mechanistic origin of these stiffness variations remains elusive. Here we show that brain tissue stiff...

Abstract Concerning dynamic assessments of railway bridges with ballasted track, the input parameters applied in calculation model significantly influence generated results. In this context, there is still a considerable need for research, especially regarding properties ballast superstructure. This contribution dedicated to an experimental investigation longitudinal track‐bridge interaction (T...

This study presents the results of large scale laboratory model tests to investigate the behavior of Compacted Lime – Well-graded Soil (CL-WS) rigid stone columns in soft soils. The  unit cell idealization is used for construction of composite specimens by evaluating the influence of different parameters such as the diameter of the column (D), the slenderness ratio (L/D) and the area ratio (Ar)...

might account for the apparent absence of stretch reflexes at expected latencies in human subjects reported by several investigators (10). The pause between a monosynaptic response to stretch and a later increase in electromyographic activity may be due to a preponderance of inhibition from Golgi organs, as has been suggested for the respiratory system (11). Preliminary results with standing hu...

This article proposes a Bayesian method to acquire the estimation of human impedance and motion intention in human–robot collaborative task. Combining with prior knowledge stiffness, estimated stiffness obeying Gaussian distribution is obtained by estimation, can be also estimated. An adaptive control strategy employed track target model neural networks are used compensate for uncertainties rob...