Case 1. A girl who had been investigated in two hospitals for recurrent attacks of chest infection and episodes of abdominal distension dating back to birth. Barium swallow examinations at 10 and 15 months were reported as normal. Finally, an oesophagogram, with the dye injected through a catheter placed in the oesophagus, showed tracheal spill through a fistula at the level of the second and t...

A male infant was born after 37 weeks of an uncomplicated fourth pregnancy to a 21-year-old woman whose previous obstetric history included one abortion and one stillbirth. The infant was delivered by spontaneous breech and did not breathe or cry at birth. He was "intubated" and intermittent positive-pressure respiration was given, but spontaneous respiration was never established. The initial ...

BACKGROUND Surgery is an appropriate therapeutic approach for tracheal stenosis due to various benign and malignant conditions. When surgery is postponed for certain reasons, other options are chosen for airway patency. One alternative is using airway stents. OBJECTIVES We aimed to introduce a safe method of tracheal polyflex stent placement in patients with tracheal stenoses. PATIENTS AND ...

Thirty-seven (1-6%) tracheas from 2170 children showed squamous metaplasia. (Cases with tracheo-oesophageal fistula and congenital heart disease were excluded). The metaplasia extended into the bronchi in 15 cases. Features of pulmonary retention were present in seven cases. Respiratory infection, probably viral, seemed to be the most significant causative factor in 20 children, including those...

Bronchoscopic procedures are at times intricate and the patients often very ill. These factors and an airway shared with the pulmonologist present a clear challenge to anesthesiologists. The key to success lies in the understanding of both the underlying pathology and procedure being performed combined with frequent two-way communication between the anesthesiologist and the pulmonologist. Above...