botulinum toxin produced by clostridium butolinum in one of the most fatal toxins known. botulism is the name given to condition produced by this toxin. in recent years the diluted form of this toxin has been produced in injection form and used for treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm. this toxin blocks neuromuscular junction and inhibits acetylcholine release. in this article we rep...

conclusions the results of this study supported the potential protective effects of zncl2 on rat kidney tissues against cdcl2 toxicity. results in contrast to the animals that received zncl2, cdcl2 induced a dose-dependent elevation in bun, creatinine, and mda in those without zncl2 pretreatment. zinc chloride had significantly decreased all biochemical parameters and protected kidney cells aga...

introduction:poisoning is a common reasons for hospitalization in all over the world and exhausts a substantial share of health resources.khoramabad is a rather large city in iran but there has been no study about incidence of poisoned patients especially grave ones who are hospitalized in icus, thus we designed this study to epidemiologicall assess these patients in two major referral centers ...

Brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.: Fr.) Keissl is a serious problem forproduction of tangerines and tangerine hybrids in Iran. The Tangerine pathotype causes brownspot disease on young leaves and immature fruits of limited varieties of mandarins and tangerines(Citrus. reticulata Blanco). Specificity in the interaction between tangerine and the pathogen isdetermined by a hos...

We previously showed that shrinking a barnacle muscle fiber (BMF) in a hypertonic solution (1,600 mosM/kg) stimulates an amiloride-sensitive Na-H exchanger. This activation is mediated by a G protein and requires intracellular Cl-. The purpose of the present study was to determine (a) whether Cl- plays a role in the activation of Na-H exchange under normotonic conditions (975 mosM/kg), (b) the ...

Background: T-2 mycotoxin belongs to the Trichothecene family and has damaging effects on the immune system. Objective: To investigate the toxic effect of T-2 toxin on the percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and the potential protective role of selenium and vitamin E. Method: Frequencies of B lymphocytes (CD19+ ) were analyzed after injection of sublethal doses of T-2 toxin into Balb/c...

The cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) of the mouse pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus has cation binding and DNA catalysis residues in common with members of the mammalian deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) family. The purpose of the present study was to characterize CdtB nuclease. To establish optimal digestion conditions and to evaluate co-factor requirements, a novel and sensitive fluorometric as...

background: this cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of &gamma-rays; and electron-beam irradiation with a commercial toxin binder-milbond-tx on the performance, feed components, and meat quality of japanese quails challenged with aflatoxin b1. methods: overall, 168 one-d-old chicks (japanese quails) were allocated to eight treatments with three replicates based on a compl...

abstract how to cite this article: eryılmaz a, başal y, günel c, ozkul a, tosun a. successful treatment of essential palatal tremor lasting over a long term with a rare application of botulinum toxin in a child. iran j child neurol. autumn 2015;9(4): 75-77. abstract objective attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders. in recent years, t...

purpose : recession is the main surgical procedure in correction of eye deviation in duane’s syndrome. we evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of this type of strabismus instead of surgery or before it. methods : three patients with duane’s syndrome type i and one patient with type ii were selected at poostchi eye clinic from patients who diagnosed primarily and h...