Strength and toughness of A l 2 O 3 based ceramics were improved by d i spers ing ZrO,(Y,O,) and nonoxide mate r ia l s such a s Sic , Tic, TiN and B&. S ign i f ican t toughening and hardening were a t t a i n e d i n A1203-Zr0,-Sic and Al,O,-Zr0,-Tic composites.