Penicillins are B-lactam antibiotics widely used in clinical practice and they induce many allergic reactions, which can be either cellular or humoral. B-lactams are able to interact covalently with serum proteins, forming immunogenic conjugates and their metabolism can provoke a number of different antigenic determinants that have been implicated in the specificity of the immunological respons...

OBJECTIVE The leukocyte count is frequently used to evaluate suspected bacterial infections but estimates of its test performance vary considerably. We evaluated its accuracy for the detection of serious bacterial infections in febrile children. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Paediatric emergency department. PATIENTS Febrile 0-5-year-olds who had a leukocyte count on presentatio...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protected stenting has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid stenosis in patients at high operative risk. Distal microembolization occurs invariably during carotid stenting. Little is known about the relationship between systemic inflammation and embolization during carotid stenting. METHODS We examined 43 consecutive...

Introduction: Cirrhosis of the liver is one of the commonly encountered liver disorders in clinical practice caused by a wide variety of etiologies. It is defined anatomically as a diffuse process of nodule formation and fibrosis in the liver. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined by infection of the previously sterile ascitic fluid (AF), without any apparent intra-abdominal source...

Hypertensive patients in neurosurgery are becoming more common, which increased the risk of surgical stress response. Meanwhile, the relationship between hypertension and anesthesia methods is unclear on the stress response. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of different anesthesia methods on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), blood glucose, and leucocyte levels in n...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an ascitic fluid infection without an evident intra-abdominal surgically treatable source. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is one of the severe complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Without early antibiotic treatment, this complication is associated with high mortality rate, so early diagnosis and treatment...

Severity of disease in human African trypanosomiasis may be linked, as in other human protozoan infections, to apoptosis of host inflammatory cells during infection. The present study investigates the involvement of leukocyte apoptosis in Trypanosoma brucei infection of rodents. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were infected with 1 × 103 T. brucei and leukocyte apoptosis was evaluated by several method...

BACKGROUND The central nervous system is considered a sanctuary site for HIV-1 replication. Variables associated with HIV cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral load in the context of opportunistic CNS infections are poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate the relation between: (1) CSF HIV-1 viral load and CSF cytological and biochemical characteristics (leukocyte count, protein concentration...

The effects of dexamethasone at different dose regimens on some haematological parameters and serum biochemistry were studied in the camel. Dexamethasone increased the serum concentration of glucose as well as neutrophils and total leukocyte count in the blood. Conversely, the serum concentrations of potassium and phosphorus and lymphocyte count in blood were decreased by dexamethasone treatmen...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression of various antigens on the leukemic blasts and to determine the hematological parameters, in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) patients at presentation. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY King Edward Medical University, Lahore and Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, from February 2013 to March 2014. METHODOLOGY A total of 50 newly...