The aim of this study was to estimate the direct annual healthcare costs to the UK National Health Service (NHS) of managing community-acquired pneumonia. Using a prevalence-based burden of illness approach, health service resource use and corresponding costs attributable to the management of community-acquired pneumonia during 1992/1993 in the UK were obtained from published sources and commer...

A recently calibrated urban runoff model, the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM), is used to compare the cost-effectiveness of using source area and regional stormwater treatment practices. The demonstration is done for the totally urbanized Lake Wingra watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The goal is to retrofit practices that are able to reduce the annual total suspended solids load by 4...

steel industry is one of the most consumption of energy in the world, which is related to melting furnace which result environmental pollution. we calculate the energy consumption and capital cost of dust collectors of venturi scrubber (vs) and electrostatic precipitator (esp) which are connected to melting furnace in respect to industrial ecology for selection of appropriate dust collection sy...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of illness of moderate-to-severe atopic asthma and/or seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) in Germany from the perspective of third-party payers (TPP) and patients. Five-hundred patients (276 children/adolescents) with moderate-to-severe asthma and/or SAR were included in this cross-sectional study. Information was collected using a specific patien...

INTRODUCTION Our objective was to assess the cost implications of a vertical MRSA prevention program that led to a reduction in MRSA bacteremia. METHODS We performed a matched historical cohort study and cost analysis in a single hospital in Israel for the years 2005-2011. The cost of MRSA bacteremia was calculated as total hospital cost for patients admitted with bacteremia and for patients ...

OBJECTIVE For patients with mild hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, this study compared estimates of total costs associated with managing cases under a policy of mandatory hospitalization in the Republic of Kazakhstan and estimates of total costs associated with managing cases in outpatient settings. Costs were estimated both from the perspective of the Ministry of Health and from a broader soc...

in children. although its burden is considerably preventable by vaccine, routine vaccination against hib has not been defined in the national immunization program of iran. this study was performed to assess the cost-benefit and cost‑utility of running an hib vaccination program in iran. methods: based on a previous systematic review and meta‑analysis for vaccine efficacy, we estimated the avert...

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY The aim of this study was (a) to estimate the cost of dementia in Switzerland, (b) to compare the average annual cost for people with dementia who live at home and those living in an institution and (c) to analyse how the average cost per person with dementia who lives at home increases with the severity of dementia. METHODS This prevalence-based cost-of-illness study fr...

Tuberculosis (TB) affects mostly economically active population in underdeveloped and developing countries, therefore TB can have far reaching economic and social consequences among infected people and their household members. The objectives of this study were to estimate the household expenditure before and during the course of disease, to explore the direct and indirect cost burden of tubercu...

AIM To estimate annual direct and indirect costs for patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and subtypes. METHODS Patients completed a standardized questionnaire concerning usage of healthcare resources, travel costs, meals, and productivity loss of patients when seeking treatment for IBS. Total annual costs per patient were calculated as the sum of direct (including medical a...