PURPOSE An earlier study showed that age-related changes in the inner collagen layer (ICL) inhibit RPE cell repopulation of human Bruch's membrane. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of cleaning and/or an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coating on the reattachment, apoptosis, proliferation, and final surface coverage of the transplanted RPE cells. METHODS Explants of ...

1 Toric varieties are by now familiar objects in algebraic geometry, but this note is concerned with variations on that theme, and I will try to be careful about terminology. A toric variety is a kind of orbifold, and hence has mild singularities, but I will use the term toric manifold in the sense of Davis and Januszkiewicz [4]; a smooth toric variety thus has an underlying toric manifold, but...

In this paper, we will show how these properties of residues can be generalized to an arbitrary projective toric variety. The paper is organized into six sections as follows. In §1, we define the cohomology class [ωg] ∈ H(P,ΩPn), and then §2 generalizes this to define toric residues in terms of a toric analog of the Trace Property. We recall some commutative algebra associated with toric variet...

Extending work of Bielawski-Dancer [3] and Konno [12], we develop a theory of toric hyperkähler varieties, which involves toric geometry, matroid theory and convex polyhedra. The framework is a detailed study of semi-projective toric varieties, meaning GIT quotients of affine spaces by torus actions, and specifically, of Lawrence toric varieties, meaning GIT quotients of even-dimensional affine...

BILOG is the defacto standard for dichotomous IRT model estimation. However, BILOG is a commercial product and limited in other ways. Hanson provides an open-source alternative, ICL, and this paper compares ICL to BILOG in terms of features and obtained item parameter estimates. In general, BILOG has more features, especially with respect to assessing model-data fit. One notable feature of ICL ...

BACKGROUND Intradiscal cement leakage (ICL) is a common complication following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). However, the risk factors for such a complication are under debate and there is no accurate predictive nomogram to predict ICL. OBJECTIVES To establish an effective and novel nomogram for ICL following PVP in patients with osteoporotic-related vertebral compression fractures (OVCF...

Dropping separatedness in the definition of a toric variety, one obtains the more general notion of a toric prevariety. Toric prevarieties occur as ambient spaces in algebraic geometry and moreover they appear naturally as intermediate steps in quotient constructions. We first provide a complete description of the category of toric prevarieties in terms of convex–geometrical data, so–called sys...

Not all the light in galaxy groups and clusters comes from stars that are bound to galaxies. A significant fraction of it constitutes so-called intracluster or diffuse (ICL), a low surface brightness component groups/clusters generally found surroundings brightest cluster galaxies intermediate/massive satellites. In this review, I will describe mechanisms responsible for its formation evolution...

We treat equivariant completions of toric contraction morphisms as an application of the toric Mori theory. For this purpose, we generalize the toric Mori theory for non-Q-factorial toric varieties. So, our theory seems to be quite different from Reid’s original combinatorial toric Mori theory. We also explain various examples of non-Q-factorial contractions, which imply that the Q-factoriality...

We have measured the flux, profile, color, and substructure in the diffuse intracluster light (ICL) in a sample of ten galaxy clusters with a range of mass, morphology, redshift, and density. Deep, widefield observations for this project were made in two bands at the one meter Swope and 2.5 meter du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Careful attention in reduction and analysis was paid...