[1] Most assessments of the direct climate forcing (DCF) of anthropogenic aerosols are from numerical simulations. However, recent advances in remote sensing techniques allow the separation of fine mode aerosols (anthropogenic aerosol is mostly fine aerosol) from coarse mode aerosols (largely marine and dust, which are mostly natural) from satellite data such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging ...

This study developed a retrieval algorithm for reflected shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (RSR). This algorithm is based on Himawari-8/AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager) whose sensor characteristics and observation area are similar to the next-generation Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite/Advanced Meteorological Imager (GK-2A/AMI). This algorithm converts the radiance into ...

The Earth Radiation Budget at the top of the atmosphere quantifies how the Earth gains energy from the Sun and loses energy to space. It is of fundamental importance for climate and climate change. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art of the satellite measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget is reviewed. Combining all available measurements, the most likely value of the Total Solar Irr...

Jupiter’s upper atmosphere forms the boundary between the lower atmosphere and interplanetary space. As the topmost layer, the thermosphere absorbs solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and charged particles from the magnetosphere that cause dissociation and ionization of thermospheric molecules. Subsequent chemistry establishes the ionosphere and the densities of minor, photoand electroche...

The photoabsorption cross sections of HCl and DCl are calculated using the reflection principle and time dependent wavepacket propagation methods. The absorption cross sections are compared to high precision experimental absorption cross sections from the literature and the different results given by the methods are discussed. The results of the calculations emphasize the important roles that p...

Tropical meridional ocean heat transport is studied in six coupled ocean-atmosphere models in which atmospheric CO 2 concentration has been increased. In the Indo-Pacific, the strength of Subtropical Cells (STCs) changes in response to changes in the trade winds. However, the change is not consistent among models. In contrast, in all models the tropical Indo-Pacific heat transport remains nearl...

This study examines the trustworthiness of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASIA), as on-orbit reference instruments that are useful in recalibrating the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) series (Mittaz and Harris, 2011). To do this, a 39month period (1 January 2008 to 31 March 2011) of AATSR and IASI-A in...