background and aims. there is no consensus about the effect of tongue thrusting on incisor position. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the position of anterior teeth in growing children with tongue thrust swallowing. materials and methods. in the present study 193 subjects with an age range of 9 to 13 years participated. all the patients were examined by a trained investigator and those...

Stomatal pores formed by a pair of guard cells in the leaf epidermis control gas exchange and transpirational water loss. Stomatal closure is mediated by the release of potassium and anions from guard cells. Anion efflux from guard cells involves slow (S-type) and rapid (R-type) anion channels. Recently the SLAC1 gene has been shown to encode the slow, voltage-independent anion channel componen...

Gewali, L.P. and S. Ntafos, Covering grids and orthogonal polygons with periscope guards, Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications 2 (1993) 309-334. The problem of finding minimum guard covers is NP-hard for simple polygons and open for simple orthogonal polygons. Alternative definitions of visibility have been considered for orthogonal polygons. In this paper we try to determine the com...

Light-induced stomatal responses were first reported by Darwin (1989). Stomata open in response to light, including blue and red light (Shimazaki et al., 2007). Red light induces stomatal opening via photosynthesis in the mesophyll and guard cell chloroplasts (Mott et al., 2008; Suetsugu et al., 2014). In contrast, blue light as a signal induces stomatal opening. Phototropins expressed in guard...

Stomatal apertures are regulated by morphological changes in guard cells which have been associated with guard cell vacuolar structures. To investigate the contribution of guard cell vacuoles to stomatal movement, we examined the dynamics of vacuolar membrane structures in guard cells and evaluated the changes in vacuolar volumes and surface areas during stomatal movement. Using a transgenic Ar...

For a polygonal region P with n vertices, a guard cover G is a set of points in P , such that any point in P can be seen from a point in G. In a colored guard cover, every element in a guard cover is assigned a color, such that no two guards with the same color have overlapping visibility regions. The Chromatic Art Gallery Problem (CAGP) asks for the minimum number of colors for which a colored...

To facilitate the monitoring of guard cells during development and isolation, a population of 704 GAL4 GFP enhancer trap lines was screened and four single insert lines with guard cell GFP expression and one with developmentally-regulated guard cell GFP expression were identified. The location of the T-DNA inserts, the expression of the flanking genes, and the promoter activity of the genomic D...

An optimized multiple ̄oating guard ring structure is investigated for the ®rst time as an edge termination method for high voltage 4H-SiC planar devices. Simulations were performed to investigate SiC guard ring termination, and determine the optimum guard ring spacing for planar diodes with up to four ̄oating rings. Simulated optimized designs predicted breakdown values from 40% of the ideal b...