Cranial visceral afferents travel via the solitary tract (ST) to contact neurons within the ST nucleus (NTS) and activate homeostatic reflexes. Hypothalamic projections from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) release oxytocin (OT) to modulate visceral afferent communication with NTS neurons. However, the cellular mechanisms through which OT acts are poorly understood. Here, we electrophysiologic...

introduction: cardiac preconditioning represents the most potent and consistently reproducible method of rescuing heart tissue from undergoing irreversible ischemic damage. the aim of the present study was to evaluate oxytocin (ot) induced cardioprotection and its signaling pathways on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and creatine kinase-mb isoenzyme (ck-mb) in the anesthetized rats. methods: eighty...

This article argues that some ostensible advantages of Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (OT-CC) over classic OT are actually liabilities. OT-CC correctly predicts that Chamorro umlaut occurs only when trigger and target are adjacent. But OT-CC is incompatible with similar phenomena like Central Venetan metaphony, and attempts to modify OT-CC to produce metaphony impair the theory’s handl...

Social functions of oxytocin (OT) have been explored extensively; however, relationship between the effect of intranasally applied OT (nasal OT) on the social preference (SP) and intracerebral actions of endogenous OT remains unclear. To resolve this question, we first observed effects of nasal OT on the SP of virgin young adult male rats toward unfamiliar virgin estrous female (EF) vs. virgin ...

Adaptation to the social environment is critical for human survival. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), implicated in social cognition and emotions pivotal to sociality and well-being, is a promising pharmacological target for social and emotional dysfunction. We suggest here that the multifaceted role of OT in socio-affective processes improves the capability for social adaptation. We review OT e...

Oxytocin (OT) may be implicated in the modulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) at each level. In mature females the influence of OT on the HPA axis appeared to be dependent on ovarian steroid milieu and stress. In cyclic sows, the role of OT in the regulation of corticoid secretion is unknown. In the present study changes in plasma cortisol and corticosterone concentrations in re...

Toluidine blue staining was used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions in both McCoy and HeLa-229 cells from clinical specimens. This method was more sensitive than iodine staining for detecting C trachomatis inclusions in both McCoy and HeLa-229 cells and also more sensitive than Giemsa staining for detecting chlamydial inclusions in HeLa-229 cells. While its sensitivity for detection of ...

An oblivious transfer (OT) protocol allows a receiver to obtain one of two bits held by a sender without revealing its selection. An OT combiner securely implements OT by using oracle access to n OT candidates of which at most t may be insecure. It is known that OT combiners exist when t < n/2. However, known constructions either invoke each candidate multiple times or alternatively require t t...

A bioassay of 5-nitro-o-toluidine for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. 5-Nitro-o-toluidine was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The time-weighted average high and low dietary concentrations of 5-nitro-o-toluidine were, respectively, 0.01 and 0.005 percent for rats,...

A direct procedure for measuring serum monosaccharides is presented. Borate intensifies the colors produced when these substances react with o-toluidine, which, in the case of glucose and xylose, have absorption maxima at 480 nm and 630 nm, respectively. Thus, these sugars may be determined singly or simultaneously in a single sample by differential spectrophotometry. An alternative technique i...