Toluene is one of the most widely used solvents. Electrophysiological studies indicated that this solvent directly affects various ligand gated ion channels including NMDA, GABA(A), nicotinic and glycine receptors. The effect of toluene on seizures induced by chemoconvulsants acting on these receptors was compared. Mice were pretreated with toluene (100-1000 mg/kg, i.p.) or corn oil followed by...

Toluene is a commonly used volatile organic chemical in industry and is the most often chosen illicit substance among volatile substance abusers. Studies involving healthy volunteers suggest that ethanol consumption inhibits toluene metabolism, thus increasing its blood levels. In this study, a lethal case of combined ethanol consumption and toluene inhalation has been reported. Our case was a ...

Sequence analysis in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E revealed a second toluene efflux system for toluene metabolism encoded by the ttgDEF genes, which are adjacent to the tod genes. The ttgDEF genes were expressed in response to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and styrene in the culture medium. To characterize the contribution of the TtgDEF system to toluene tolerance in P. put...

By incubating Ehrlich cells with isotopically labeled nitrogen mustards the relation between the extent of alkylation of cell constituents and the reduction of growth potential can be studied. Data obtained by such studies show that both CQM and HN2 react with a wide variety of cell constituents. Of the macromolecular constituents, the proteins undergo the greatest amount of alkylation, but the...

Alkylation-induced O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)MeG) DNA lesions can be mutagenic or cytotoxic if unrepaired by the O(6)MeG-DNA methyltransferase (Mgmt) protein. O(6)MeG pairs with T during DNA replication, and if the O(6)MeG:T mismatch persists, a G:C to A:T transition mutation is fixed at the next replication cycle. O(6)MeG:T mismatch detection by MutSalpha and MutLalpha leads to apoptotic cell de...

An improved method for the asymetric alkylation of 3-bromooxindoles with α-arylated malonate esters is described. The asymmetric alkylation demonstrated was achieved up to 70% ee utilizing a copper(II) bis(phosphine) complex.

Toluene (methylbenzene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon widely used as an organic solvent in both industrial settings and common household products such as gasoline, glue and paint. (U.S. Public Health Service, ’89; Verschueren, ’77). Inhalation of air-borne toluene as a vapor is the most common route of human exposure. Approximately 80% of an initial inhaled dose is absorbed with decreasing absorpt...

We characterized the bacterial populations that grew in a Moffett Field, Calif., aquifer following three sequential field tests of phenol- or toluene-driven cometabolism of trichloroethene (TCE). Reducing the toluene and phenol concentrations in most-probable-number (MPN) tubes from 50 to 5 ppm increased the population density measured for these degraders by 1.5 and 1 log units, respectively, s...

A membrane biofilter is used to biodegrade toluene in the gas phase. Active microorganisms are immobilized on the outside of a hollow fiber membrane cartridge and air containing toluene as the contaminant is passed through the membrane fibers. A porous polysulfone membrane containing water in the pore is used through which both toluene and oxygen are diffused to the biofilm attached to the outs...