BACKGROUND Bladder carcinoma is one of the common urological malignancies occurring worldwide in both sexes. Use of smokeless tobacco by women is common in rural areas of Pakistan. The clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma in women and association of smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor for bladder carcinoma has not been well described in the literature. The objective of the...

Many clinicians and researchers hypothesize that tobacco use disorders, regardless of the route of administration, are maintained by the ability of nicotine to regulate positive and negative mood states. The present study (N=137) examined whether certain mood states predicted dependence on either cigarettes or smokeless tobacco and whether specific personality characteristics (e.g., extraversio...

BACKGROUND Studies in India have identified marked variations in overall tobacco use between socio-economic groups. We examined whether associations between socio-economic status (SES) and tobacco use varied across individual Indian states by tobacco type. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 100,855 households in 24 Indian states and Union Territories conducted in 2009-2010. Outcome measures we...

Cigarette smoking is an important and well-established cause of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, little is known about the effects of smoking cigars, pipes, and use of smokeless tobacco on pancreatic cancer risk. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between noncigarette tobacco use (i.e., cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco) and pancreatic cancer risk among nonsmokers o...

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to identify the socio-demographic determinants of quit attempts among smokers and smokeless tobacco users to identify correlates of tobacco cessation behaviour in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study for the outcome of quit attempts made by current tobacco users in last 12 months in twelve districts in two states. Simple and multiv...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the tobacco-attributable costs of diseases separately for smoked and smokeless tobacco use in India. METHODS The prevalence-based attributable-risk approach was used to estimate the economic cost of tobacco using healthcare expenditure data from the National Sample Survey, a nationally representative household sample survey conducted in India in 2004. Four major categori...

The present study tested whether smokeless tobacco (ST) fits a unidimensional model of drug involvement and tried to locate ST along the dimension that underlies drug use. The latent trait analysis was employed to quantify drug involvement in a sample of high school students. Analyses showed that although ST use fits the unidimensional model of drug involvement, the place of ST use along the co...

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 45 million Americans continue to smoke, even after one of the most intense public health campaigns in history, now over 40 years old. Each year some 438,000 smokers die from smoking-related diseases, including lung and other cancers, cardiovascular disorders and pulmonary diseases. Many smokers are unable--or at least unwilling-...

Introduction: ‘Smokeless tobacco’ is the term used for the tobacco that is consumed in un-burnt form and it can be used orally or nasally. Mishri (masheri or misheri) is one of the smokeless tobacco used as dentifrice. It has been observed that smoking during pregnancy is associated with anaemia in mothers & their babies. Objective of the study was to assess the magnitude of anaemia among users...

OBJECTIVE This study examined the constituents of smokeless tobacco products available in the UK and compared them with products available in India, Sweden, and the USA. METHODS Seven UK brands of smokeless tobacco, including a tooth cleaning powder, and four international brands of smokeless tobacco were tested for a range of toxins and known carcinogens, such as tobacco specific N-nitrosami...