toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

نظریه هزینه جست وجوی مصرف کننده با محور قرار دادن مصرف کننده، هدف اصلی حقوق علامت تجاری را کاهش هزینه های مصرف کننده در جست وجوی اطلاعات راجع به کالای مورد نظرش می داند. در این مقاله سه اصل حقوقی منتج از این نظریه شامل لزوم استفاده از علامت تجاری، حمایت از علایم متمایزکننده، و منع واگذاری آزادانه علامت تجاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و آثار آن ها در رویه قضایی آمریکا و ایران مطالعه شده است. در ادام...

after the soviet union dissolution, a chaotic period was begun in the russia. russia lost its glory and felt disgrace. the first group of elites came to power under yeltsin; they tried to re-define russia’s identity as a european country and build a foreign policy on this baseline. therefore russia tried to become closer with the west especially with the u.s. according to their view the sovie...

type text or a website address or translate a document. abstract liquidity is considered the most important aspect of the development of stock markets. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the quality of financial information provided to replace its financial statements nmvdh and shrkt hayy that the liquidity of the shares on the tehran stock exchange is between the ...