Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain method for researching the functionality and clinical use. In general TMS procedure, motor threshold (MT) intensity optimal coil location ("hotspot") are searched manually. This is, however, time-consuming as several stimulations required to measure MT ensure that will be optimally positioned stimulating cortical target lo...

This paper proposes neural mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS can stimulate the brain non-invasively through a brief magnetic pulse delivered by a coil placed on the scalp, interfering with specific cortical functions with a high temporal resolution. Due to these advantages, TMS has been a popular experimental tool in various neuroscience fields. However, the neural mech...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is often described as a method for inducing reversible lesions in neurologically normal observers ("virtual lesions"). However, there is evidence that the behavioral and perceptual effects of TMS are too subtle to fit neatly into such a conceptualization. The objective of this commentary is to address some of the behavioral and perceptual consequences of ...

The application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate important questions in cognitive neuroscience has increased considerably in the last few years. TMS can provide substantial insights into the nature and the chronometry of the computations performed by specific cortical areas during various aspects of cognition. However, the use of TMS in cognitive studies has many potent...

To gain insight into the neural basis of visual attention, we combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and event-related potentials (ERPs) during a visual search task. Single-pulse TMS over right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC) delayed response times to targets during conjunction search, and this behavioral effect had a direct ERP correlate. The early phase of the N2pc component that r...

INTRODUCTION Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in which electric currents are applied to the brain, improves severe mental illnesses such as depression [1]. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method to stimulate neurons using eddy currents generated by pulsed magnetic fields [2,3]. Because TMS has a potential to give a comparable therapeutic effect to ECT with less invasiveness, TMS ha...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive means of investigating brain function. Whereas TMS of the human frontal eye fields (FEFs) does not induce saccades, electrical stimulation of the monkey FEF evokes eye-head gaze shifts, with neck muscle responses evoked at stimulation levels insufficient to evoke a saccade. These animal results motivated us to examine whether TMS o...

We used concurrent TMS-fMRI to test directly for hemispheric differences in causal influences of the right or left fronto-parietal cortex on activity (BOLD signal) in the human occipital cortex. Clinical data and some behavioral TMS studies have been taken to suggest right-hemisphere specialization for top-down modulation of vision in humans, based on deficits such as spatial neglect or extinct...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown promise as a treatment tool, with one FDA approved use. While TMS alone is able to up- (or down-) regulate a targeted neural system, we argue that TMS applied as an adjuvant is more effective for repetitive physical, behavioral and cognitive therapies, that is, therapies which are designed to alter the network properties of neural systems throug...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has often been used in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG), which is effective for the direct demonstration of cortical reactivity and corticocortical connectivity during cognitive tasks through the spatio-temporal pattern of long-latency TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). However, it remains unclear what pattern is associated with the inhibition of ...