A method for constructing a simple, durable injection-microelectrode (injectrode) is described. The injectrode can record neuronal activity, stimulate neuronal tissues, or inject substances locally through its tip. The injectrode is lightweight and is easy to construct from commercially available parts, and it can be used repeatedly for multiple recordings and injections. Since dura penetration...

Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication of intramuscular injection that leads to local ischemic necrosis of the skin and adipose tissue. In this paper, we discuss etiologies, risk factors, and treatment options for gluteal Nicolau syndrome referring to patients treated in our hospital. Our study includes 17 women who visited our clinic with symptoms of gluteal necrosis secondary to intramuscula...

The macro characteristics and configurations of induced shock waves of the supersonic sprays are investigated by experimental methods. Visualization study of spray shape is carried out with the high-speed camera. The macro characteristics including spray tip penetration, velocity of spray tip and spray angle are analyzed. The configurations of shock waves are investigated by Schlieren technique...

INTRAVASCULAR injection, either intraarterial or intravenous, is an undesired event that can occur during attempted epidural injections through needles and catheters. When it occurs, it is attributed to entry of the needle or catheter into a blood vessel. There are no reports in the literature of this being observed during epiduroscopy. We report two cases of intravascular appearance of radiopa...

Transient displacement of blood in vessel lumen with saline injection is necessary in the conductance method for measurement of arterial cross-sectional area (CSA). The displacement of blood is dictated by the interactions between arterial flow hemodynamics and saline injection dynamics. The objective of the present study is to understand how the accuracy of conductance measurements is affected...

The difficulty of catheterizing markedly tortuous vertebral arteries is well known to cerebral angiographers. When catheterization by the transfemoral approach fails, a left retrograde brachial flush injection or transax illary vertebral catheterization may be performed as alternative techniques in opacifying posterior fossa vessels . These additional approaches can be obviated by using a J tip...

The M-mode and two dimensional echocardiographic features are described of a patient with rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the right atrium. A clear echo-free zone arising from the tip of the aneurysm is visualised in the right atrium in diastole by peripheral injection of echocardiographic contrast material. At surgery a fistula was seen between the non-coronary cusp and the right ...

Loss of air pressure resistance leads to a high rate (25.7%) of inaccurate needle-tip placement in the posterior soft tissues of the back during lumbar epidural steroid administration employing a 20-gauge Tuohy needle. Imaging and epidurogram are essential for confident identification of the lumbar epidural space to enable accurate location of steroid administration. Studies assessing efficacy ...