Background: Nowadays, new methods are emerging each month for a better operation with fewer complications. Laparoscopic surgery have remarkable advantages, Compared to open, such as smaller incision, less manipulation of the digestive system, less postoperative pain, fewer wound complication and faster discharge from the hospital. Therefore it is preferred by patients and surgeons and is replac...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

Introduction: Anxiety is one of the prevalent events before and after surgery which occurs in patients due to the waiting time for heart surgery, hospitalization, fear of death, and in general the fear of unknowns. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the effect of multimedia education on anxiety before and after surgery in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery...

Background & Aim: It is important to measure the anxiety level in patients who undergo heart surgery and find out ways to relief it. This study aimed to determine the effect of cardiac rehabilitation program's first phase on the level of anxiety among patients hospitalized for coronary arteries bypass surgery. Methods & Materials: In this randomized clinical trial, sixty patients were selected ...

 Despite surgical, medical, technological, and anesthetic improvements, Patients are faced with various consequences and complications after spine surgery. Accelerate Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs is a multimodal, multidisciplinary perioperative care approach that seeks to improve the quality of surgery, reduce complications, reduce the length of stay, and ultimately reduce costs. This...

from 1950s onward, new theories and critical approaches burgeoned across humanities. these theories were context-oriented; as a result, the analysis of discursive practices gained significance. thus, social, political, historical and cultural discourses that have been hitherto marginalized and considered inferior to literary texts, were introduced as important texts to be analyzed by critics. o...

target tracking is the tracking of an object in an image sequence. target tracking in image sequence consists of two different parts: 1- moving target detection 2- tracking of moving target. in some of the tracking algorithms these two parts are combined as a single algorithm. the main goal in this thesis is to provide a new framework for effective tracking of different kinds of moving target...

from its emergence till present time marxist principles has undergone great changes since their promulgation by marx. many theorists and thinkers set at rectifying marxist tenets and introducing those of their own while others advocated its main concepts and attempted at improving them. among marxist philosophers who had an intensive study of marxs ideology, is louis althusser whose reflections...