This study determined whether phosphodiesterase (PDE) was activated by protein kinase C (PKC) upon kappa-receptor stimulation, and if so, to identify the isozyme. We first studied the effects of trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-[1-pyrrolidinyl] cyclohexyl) benzeneacetamide methanesulphonate (U50,488H), a selective kappa-opioid receptor (OR) agonist, and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PM...

in this paper, we present a fractional mathematical model of a one-dimensional phase phase change problem (stefan problem) with latent heat a power function of position. this model includes space-time fractional derivatives in caputo sense and time dependent surface heat flux. an approximate solution of this model is obtained by optimal homotopy asymptotic method (oham) to find an approximate s...

Integrating various suppliers to satisfy market demand is of great importance for e ective supply chain management. In this paper, we consider the ODE-PDE model of supply chain and apply a classical explicit fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme for the related ODE model of suppliers. Also, the convergence of the proposed method is proved. Finally a numerical example is studied to demonstrate the acc...

in this paper, a new numerical method for solving fractional optimal control problems (focps) is presented. the fractional derivative in the dynamic system is described in the caputo sense. the method is based upon biorthogonal cubic hermite spline multiwavelets approxima-tions. the properties of biorthogonal multiwavelets are first given. the operational matrix of fractional riemann-lioville i...

PDE surfaces, which are defined as solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs), offer many modeling advantages in surface blending, free-form surface modeling, and specifying surface s aesthetic or functional requirements. Despite the earlier advances of PDE surfaces, previous PDE-based techniques exhibit certain difficulties such as lack of interactive sculpting capabilities and restrai...

BNG-1, a novel mixture of traditional Chinese medicines with a long history in the treatment of stroke, exhibited acute neuroprotection effect on rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Anti-ischemic effects were seen in both animals receiving BNG-1 before the ischemic insult as well as in animals receiving the drug formulation after surgical occlusion of the artery. Anti-thrombic ac...

In this paper, we first study the existence-uniqueness and large deviation estimate of solutions for stochastic Volterra integral equations with singular kernels in 2-smooth Banach spaces. Then, we apply them to a large class of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) driven by Brownian motions as well as by fractional Brownian motions, and obtain the existence of unique max...