Physiological work on fish sound production may require exposure of the swimbladder to air, which will change its loading (radiation mass and resistance) and could affect parameters of emitted sounds. This issue was examined in Atlantic croaker Micropogonius chromis by recording sounds from the same individuals in air and water. Although sonograms appear relatively similar in both cases, pulse ...

During the 1960s and 1970s, a significant groundfish fishery existed in the Gulf of Mexico. There were about 50 vessels in the fishery which targeted a groundfish complex that consisted of over 170 species, dominant of which were croaker, spot, seatrout, cutlassfish, sea catfish, porgies, perch, drums, hake, and butterfish. The primary directed fishery was for the pet food, harvesting 50,000 to...