How the radial body plan of echinoderms is related to the bilateral body plan of their deuterostome relatives, the hemichordates and the chordates, has been a long-standing problem. Now, using direct development in a sea urchin, I show that the first radially arranged structures, the five primary podia, form from a dorsal and a ventral hydrocoele at the oral end of the archenteron. There is a b...

This paper establishes a model to explore how all the countries in the world export to an importer. The trade frictions of an exporter include both a variable cost and a fixed cost, and the exporter’s bilateral trade relationship is represented by the exported value, the number of exporting firms, and the average price of exported products. The model relaxes the usual assumption that the price ...

The experience of job insecurity has been related to several organizational outcomes, both immediate and long-term. However, since the strength of these effects have been found to vary across studies, it is essential to identify factors that could influence the relationships. The current study examines interaction effects between job insecurity and organizational justice (distributive, procedur...

The exchange rate plays an essential role for firms which export goods and import raw materials. In this paper, the effects of real specific exchange rate fluctuations in imports, exports and aggregate trade on industry sector, chemical and transportation industries outputs in 49 OIC countries were investigated by using a panel data model over 1990-2014. Particularly, this paper presents eviden...

splenogonadal fusion is a rare entity with approximately 150 reported cases until the year 2005. the entity is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is fusion of splenic and gonadal anlagen or mesonephric derivatives. splenogonadal fusion has two continuous and discontinuous types. about ten cases have been reported to be associated with bilateral cryptorchidism in literature. very few cases...