Abstract This paper investigates the syntax and semantics of third person singular pronoun ɦi⁶ in Shanghainese its non-referential use. Evidence from phonological dependence syntactic integration with preceding host verb is presented to show that a clitic. It further observed this use requires licensing [+subjunctive] feature, echoing Qian (2004) Jin (2016) . However, my analysis diverges their...

The current study used fMRI in humans to examine goal-directed navigation in an open field environment. We designed a task that required participants to encode survey-level spatial information and subsequently navigate to a goal location in either first person, third person, or survey perspectives. Critically, no distinguishing landmarks or goal location markers were present in the environment,...

The popularity of online games has inspired controversial discussion on the effects of game-play in both mass media and academia. However, we know little about ordinary people’s opinions about the effects of game-play. The current study applies the theory of the third-person effect (TPE) to examine people’s perceptions of game effects on self and on others, and detects significant third-person ...

It is often assumed, by laypeople and researchers alike, that people shift visual perspective in mental images of life events to maintain a positive self-concept by claiming ownership of desirable events (first-person) and disowning undesirable events (third-person). The present research suggests that people shift perspective not according to the pictured event's desirability but according to w...