The structure of thin copper oxide layers which are formed on metallic Cu due to the exposure to air are investigated with Yoneda-XAFS and ReflEXAFS. The measured Yoneda-XAFS data were compared to quantitative model calculations in the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) assuming different model structures for the oxide layer. Yoneda-XAFS fine structure spectra measured fo...

in this research the thin layer drying behavior of apricot (cv. ghavami and nasiry) at temperatures of drying air of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºc and at drying air velocity of 2 ms-1 was studied. in order to select the best drying curve equation, 9 different thin layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data and were compared according to their coefficient of determination (r2), reduced chi-...

An epitaxial thin film can undergo surface instability and break up into discrete islands. The stress field and the interface interaction have profound effects on the dynamics of surface evolution. In this work, we develop a nonlinear evolution equation with a second-order approximation for the stress field and a nonlinear wetting potential for the interface. The equation is solved numerically ...

The purpose of this research is the performance improvement CIGS/CdS/ZnO solar cells, while CdS buffer layer too thin. Enhancement photocurrent by decreasing thickness expected from a reduced parasitic absorption at short wavelengths. However, formation pinholes due to too-thin and non-uniform coverage CIGS surface degrades cell reducing fill factor (FF) open-circuit voltage (Voc). This degrada...

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) assembled from organic building blocks and metal-based connectors have attracted much interest owing to their large pores and their enormous structural diversity. Particularly, the generation of homogeneous thin films of MOFs is highly desirable in view of potential applications including chemical sensors, catalysts, and also optical devices. Several elegant exam...

Different types of inorganic oxide films composed of a chemical composition gradient single layer were designed, fabricated and characterized. Compositionally graded thin films were created by power-controlled co-sputtering of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2) at room temperature, allowing the structural design of the film to be tailored at the nanometer scale. Two distinct graded thin films we...

Semiconductor heterostructures are fundamental building blocks for many important device applications. The emergence of two-dimensional semiconductors opens up a new realm for creating heterostructures. As the bandgaps of transition metal dichalcogenides thin films have sensitive layer dependence, it is natural to create lateral heterojunctions (HJs) using the same materials with different thic...

Phase-field models provide a way to model fluid interfaces as having finite thickness; the interface between two immiscible fluids is treated as a thin mixing layer across which physical properties vary steeply but continuously. One of the main challenges of this approach is in resolving the sharp gradients at the interface. In this paper, moving finite-element methods are used to simulate inte...

Considerable efforts have recently been devoted to the experimental realization of a two-dimensional Chern insulator, i.e., a system displaying a quantum anomalous Hall effect. However, existing approaches such as those based on magnetic doping of topological-insulator thin films have resulted in small band gaps, restricting the effect to low temperatures. We use first-principles calculations t...