39 40 Land skin temperature (Ts) is an important parameter in the energy exchange 41 between the land surface and atmosphere. Here hourly Ts from the Community Land 42 Model Version 4.0, MODIS satellite observations, and in-situ observations in 2003 43 were compared. Compared with the in-situ observations over four semi-arid stations, 44 both MODIS and modeled Ts show negative biases, but MODIS...

Although ultraprecision diamond turned optics can have surface roughness down to tens of nanometers or even lower, they may still contain defects due to machining process variations. Diamond turned surfaces have been carefully studied before [3-12]. The previous research however was mainly focused on the causes of the surface texture and one of the main goals of these studies was to improve the...

Acrylic sheet is a crystal clear (with transparency equal to optical glass), lightweight material having outstanding weather ability, high impact resistance, good chemical resistance, and excellent thermoformability and machinability. This paper develops the artificial intelligent model using partial swarm optimization (PSO) to predict the optimum surface roughness when cutting acrylic sheets w...

PURPOSE The color of the ceramic restorations is affected by various factors such as brand, thickness of the layered the ceramic, condensation techniques, smoothness of surface, number of firings, firing temperature and thickness of dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color change and surface roughness in dental porcelain with different thicknesses during repeated firings. MATER...

This experimental workanalysis the influence of cutting conditions on surface roughness of EN-8during machining by CNC turning. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to investigate the influence of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut and coolant type on surface roughness height Ra. The influence of the interaction of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and coolant type on surface r...

Interfacial roughness parameters and lattice strain of Si0.4Ge0.6 films with varying thickness epitaxially grown on Si~100! were determined using the techniques of grazing-incidence x-ray scattering and diffraction. The roughness of both the buried interface and sample surface follows a similar power-law scaling behavior with an exponent b around 0.71 for films below the critical thickness, and...

The tribological behaviour of the bearing surface in hip arthroplasty is greatly influenced by its surface roughness. During cemented hip arthroplasty, bone cement may contaminate the bearing surface. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cement polymerization on a highly cross-linked polyethylene(HCLP) bearing surface as any process influences the surface roughness of t...