Abstract Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains as the gold standard of surgical treatment for gallstone disease. Biliary duct injury (BDI) is an infrequent but serious complication LC. Strasberg's critical view a useful strategy to minimize risk BDI . However, BDIs could still happen. Variations right posterior hepatic (RPHD) are common. The RPHD challenging and literature on thi...

Mentalistic terms such as belief and desire have been rejected by behavior analysts because they are traditionally held to refer to unobservable events inside the organism. Behavior analysis has consequently been viewed by philosophers to be at best irrelevant to psychology, understood as a science of the mind. In this book, the philosopher Rowland Stout argues cogently that beliefs and desires...

RESULTS: A total of 46,617 patients with orofacial clefts were identified, 14.6% with isolated cleft lip (CL), 51.7% with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and 33.7% with isolated cleft palate (CP). The incidence of patients requiring EFA increased from 2000 (3.7%) to 2012 (5.8%) (p<0.001). After controlling for comorbidities, the incidence was again found to increase throughout the study period (3.3...

Chances are that everyone reading this will either have lost a close friend, relative, or work colleague in a road traffic crash in the last couple of years. Chances are, the reports said it was an "accident". There might even have been police reports giving the "cause of the accident." Now, think about the meaning of the word "accident" - most people would agree it is an unpredictable event, o...

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects approximately 70 million people worldwide. Characterised by sudden bursts of excess electricity in the brain, manifesting as seizures, epilepsy is still not well understood when compared with other neurological disorders. Seizures often happen unexpectedly and attempting to predict them has been a research topic for the last 30 years. El...

aced with limited budgets and rising health care costs, many states are struggling to ensure that all children within their borders receive adequate health care. Some plans are reluctant to participate in public health care programs for children because of the large and highly variable treatment costs that can arise in caring for children, especially those with special health care needs who are...