in the middle of the nineteenth century, iran was shaken by a series of serious upheavals caused by the babi movement . some scholars like ivanov have emphasized on social and economic factors and examined this phenomen from a marxist viewpoint . in this paper, moojan momen makes a more detailed analysis than any made hitherto of these upheavals and criticises the marxist viewpoint.

Electronic environments for information discovery are considered in relation to open-ended and dynamic research practices in the humanities, but a system suitable for these scholars would have many other applications as well. Considerations of flexible electronic environments that would support research are based on the holistic view of information processes and the requirements that informatio...

The Islamic financial services industry, where the banking sector is most important, has experienced exponential growth, arousing a growing interest in its study. Such lies on fact that respective activity carried out accordance with dictates of Shariah, which largely depart from principles underlying exercise conventional way. emphasizes use risk-sharing instruments, proved to be great importa...

The emergence of electronic commerce raises important questions about the building and leveraging of legitimacy for both practitioners and scholars of strategy. New entrants’ click-and-mortar or click-and-click business models are challenging the legitimacy of large and mature brick-and-mortar incumbents. The implications of this challenge for the financial services industry—as for many other i...