Owing to lack of time translational invariance, aging soft glassy materials do not obey fundamental principles of linear viscoelasticity. We show that by transforming the linear viscoelastic framework from a real time domain into an effective time domain, wherein the material clock is readjusted to account for evolution of relaxation time, the soft glassy materials obey effective time translati...

an experiment featuring waterhammer in viscoelastic pipes is presented in which the effects of pipe-wall viscoelasticity on waterhammer pressures are investigated. a large-scale pipeline apparatus made of polyvinyl chloride (pvc) at deltares, delft, the netherlands, has been used to carry out waterhammer experiments. tests have been conducted in a reservoir-pipeline-valve system consisting of a...

Using the general theory developed by the author in the previous paper, the problems of thermophoresis and diffusio-phoresis have been examined with a view to elucidating the effect of a general gas-surface scattering law on the associated forces. It is found that, in thermo-phoresis, there exists a close coupling between the first anisotropic moment of the gas-surface scattering law and the so...

A model for the simulation of gas flow in clayey rocks and clays is described. Gas migration is associated with the development of preferential paths along existing or pressure-dependent discontinuities. The model handles the combined phenomena of two-phase (air and liquid) flow and the generation of discrete paths. Aperture of discrete paths is the main variable to account for permeability and...

The Neogene eolian deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are one of the most useful continental deposits for understanding climatic changes. To decipher Late Neogene paleoclimatic changes in the CLP, we present a terrestrial mollusk record spanning the time interval between 7.1 and 3.5 Ma from the western CLP. The results indicate four stages of paleoclimatic evolution: From 7.1 to 6.2 Ma...

Mitochondria generate most of the heat in endotherms. Given some impedance of heat transfer across protein-rich bioenergetic membranes, mitochondria must operate at a higher temperature than body temperature in mammals and birds. But exactly how much hotter has been controversial, with physical calculations suggesting that maximal heat gradients across cells could not be greater than 10-5 K. Us...

We explore how the inclusion of an anti-trapping current within a phase-field model of coupled thermo-solutal growth formulated in the thin interface limit actually affects the observed levels of solute trapping during dendritic growth. The problem is made computational tractable by the use of advanced numerical techniques including local mesh adaptivity, implicit temporal discreteization and a...