Ms. C, a 59-year-old female, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1986 and underwent a right-sided, modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. The exact number of lymph nodes sampled is unknown; however, those sampled were negative for disease and adjuvant treatment was not necessary. In 1999, Ms. C developed recurrent disease that had metastasized to the sternum. She was r...

Heat fluxes in a district heating pipeline systems need to be controlled on the scale from minutes to an hour to adjust to evolving demand. There are two principal ways to control the heat flux keep temperature fixed but adjust velocity of the carrier (typically water) or keep the velocity flow steady but then adjust temperature at the heat producing source (heat plant). We study the latter sce...

The thermal conductivity of sunflower seed was determined as a function of moisture content, bulk density and temperature which varies from 0.1 to 30.48% (w.b.) and 437.14 to 352.5 kg/m and 22 to 46°C, 3 respectively. The slope of the linear portion ( T versus ln(t)) method was used to analyze the line source heating data for thermal conductivity determination. Bulk density of sunflower seeds f...

BACKGROUND During high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgical procedures, there is a need to rapidly ablate pathological tissue while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Current techniques are limited by relatively long procedure times and risks of off-target heating of healthy tissue. One possible solution is the use of microbubbles, which can improve the efficiency of thermal energy de...

Subject review The efficiency of heat generators (boilers) of different types commonly used in today’s heating systems is analyzed in this paper. The dependency of the efficiency on load is shown and an analysis of the total efficiency of the heating system is derived. The referential system consists of four heat generators guided by the stage sequencing control. Three different types of heat g...

Implementation of periodic thermal excitation to identify thermal properties (conductivity, heat capacity, diffusivity) of complex composite materials at different investigation scales (from micrometer to millimetre) presents many advantages. These methods are usually based on the thermal waves phase lag observation compared to a reference signal. In fact, phase lag evolution versus distance to...

Although thermal pressure is unimportant dynamically in most molecular gas, the temperature is an important diagnostic of dynamical processes and physical conditions. This is the first of two papers on thermal equilibrium in molecular clouds. We present calculations of frictional heating by ion-neutral (or ambipolar) drift in three–dimensional simulations of turbulent, magnetized molecular clou...

For the Dutch smart grid demonstration project Meppelenergie, the effects of controlled thermal energy storage within the floor heating structure of a living room by a heat pump are investigated. Storage possibilities are constrained by room operative and floor temperatures. Simulations indicate limitations for floor heating storage due to absorption of solar energy within the house. To balance...

On-going research of advanced sharp refractory composite leading edges for use on hypersonic air-breathing vehicles is presented in this paper. Intense magnitudes of heating and of heating gradients on the leading edge lead to thermal stresses that challenge the survivability of current material systems. A fundamental understanding of the problem is needed to further design development. Methodo...