[1] An internal ‘‘gap’’ layer of deteriorated sea ice is colocated with a significant microbial biological community in late first year and second year Antarctic sea ice in summer. We modeled gap layer formation using a thermal flux model based on the summer reversal in thermal gradient and the thermal conductivity found in the upper ice column. The conductive model gives internal sea ice melt ...

Thermal rectification is a phenomenon in which thermal transport is preferred in one direction over the opposite. Though observations of thermal rectification have been elusive, it could be useful in many applications such as thermal management problems at the micro/nano scale for electronics cooling. The current work explores the possibility of thermal rectifying devices with the use of interf...

Diffusive heat flux at the soil surface is commonly determined as a mean value over a time period using heat flux plates buried at some depth (e.g., 5–8 cm) below the surface with a correction to surface flux based on the change in heat storage during the corresponding time period in the soil layer above the plates. The change in heat storage is based on the soil temperature change in the layer...

New variational principles are developed for the e}ective heat conductivity tensor of aniso! tropic two!phase composites in the presence of coupled mass and heat transport processes at the two!phase interface[ We focus on physical situations where an imposed temperature gradient causes impurities or lattice defects to concentrate on the two!phase interface and di}use along it[ This is accompani...

Two differing theories aim to describe fluidic thermophoresis, the movement of particles along a temperature gradient. While thermodynamic approaches rely on local equilibrium, hydrodynamic descriptions assume a quasi-slip-flow boundary condition at the particle's surface. Evidence for slip flow is presented for the case of thermal gradients exceeding (aS_(T)(-1) with particle radius a and Sore...

Thermocline layer have remarkable effects on acoustic propagation in Persian Gulf environment. So far, no comprehensive research has been conducted to explore thermocline layer, especially its characteristics including top, thickness, and thermal gradient of thermocline in Persian Gulf. Besides, effects of thermocline on underwater acoustic propagation including transmission loss and sound chan...

The in situ thermal conductivity of the subsurface has been measured with a novel thermal response test using heating cables inserted in a vertical ground heat exchanger. An electric current is applied along the cables to heat the borehole prior to measuring water temperature recovery at various depths inside the ground heat exchanger piping. The one-dimensional line-source equation, combined w...

To enhance our ability to extract palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental information from ancient thermal spring deposits, we have studied the processes responsible for the development and preservation of stromatolites in modern subaerial thermal spring systems in Yellowstone National Park (USA). We investigated specimens collected from silica-depositing thermal springs along the thermal grad...

The thermal diffusion factors observed for these systems vary considerably with concentration, and frequently show a change in sign at some concentration. New data on ethanol-toluene mixtures show that the sign and magnitude of the separation of the components in a thermal gradient are also strongly dependent on the mean temperature of the system. These observations, together with earlier ones ...

In this paper, we propose a methodology for calculating on-chip temperature gradient and leakage power distributions. It considers the interdependence between leakage power and local temperature using a general circuit simulator as a differential equation solver. The proposed methodology can be utilized in the early stages of the design cycle as well as in the final verification phase. Simulati...